1932

Abstract

Militant organizations and rebel groups are an enduring feature of political life in much of the world. As scholars pay greater attention to rebel governance strategies, the role of law and courts is coming to the fore. We observe a good deal of variation across rebel groups in terms of their legal infrastructure and its organizational differentiation. This article surveys the recent literature and develops a framework for understanding why rebel groups vary in their use of law and also explores the consequences of legal governance for subject populations, for rebels themselves, and for external actors.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101518-042753
2019-10-13
2024-04-19
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/lawsocsci/15/1/annurev-lawsocsci-101518-042753.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101518-042753&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. Abbink J. 2009. The Islamic Courts Union: the ebb and flow of a Somali Islamist movement. Movers and Shakers: Social Movements in Africa S Ellis, I van Kessel 87–113 Leiden, Neth: Brill
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Ahmad A. 2009. Taliban and the Islamic Courts Union: How they changed the game in Afghanistan and Somalia?. Policy Perspect 6:55–72
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Arjona A. 2014. Wartime institutions: a research agenda Work. Pap. No. 169, Househ. Confl. Netw., Inst. Dev. Stud., Univ Sussex, UK: http://www.hicn.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/HiCN-WP-1692.pdf
  4. Arjona A. 2016. Rebelocracy: Social Order in the Colombian Civil War New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
  5. Arjona A, Kasfir N, Mampilly Z 2015. Rebel Governance in Civil War New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
  6. Baczko A. 2013. Judging in the midst of civil war: the Taliban Courts in Afghanistan (2001–2013). Politix 104:25–46
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Baczko A. 2016. Legal rule and tribal politics: the US Army and the Taliban in Afghanistan (2001–2013). Dev. Change 47:61412–33
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Baczko A, Dorronsoro G, Quesnay A 2017. Civil War in Syria: Mobilization and Competing Social Orders New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
  9. Barnes C, Hassan H. 2007. The rise and fall of Mogadishu's Islamic Courts. J. East. Afr. Stud. 1:151–60
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Berkes A. 2019. The formation of customary international law by de facto regimes. International Organizations and Non-State Actors in the Formation of Customary International Law S Droubi, J d'Aspremont Manchester, UK: Manchester Univ. Press
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Berti B. 2019. Rebel justice? Rule of law and the law enforcement by non-state armed groups. The Rule of Law and Areas of Limited Statehood L Hamid, J Wouters Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar In press
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Blair RA, Kalmanovitz P. 2016. On the rights of warlords: legitimate authority and basic protection in war-torn societies. Am. Political Sci. Rev. 110:3428–40
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Bunzel C. 2018. The Islamic State's mufti on trial: the saga of the “Silsila ‘Ilmiya. CTC Sentinel 11:914–18
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Callimachi R. 2018.The case of the purloined poultry: how ISIS prosecuted petty theft New York: Times July 1. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/01/world/middleeast/islamic-state-iraq.html
  15. Coggins BL. 2015. Rebel diplomacy: theorizing violent non-state actors’ strategic use of talk. See Arjona et al. 2015 98–118
  16. Fazal TM. 2018. Wars of Law: Unintended Consequences in the Regulation of Armed Conflict Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press
  17. Ginsburg T, Moustafa T. 2008. Rule by Law: The Politics of Courts in Authoritarian Regimes New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
  18. Giustozzi A. 2014. The Taliban's ‘military courts. Small Wars Insurg 25:284–96
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Giustozzi A, Baczko A. 2014. The politics of the Taliban's shadow judiciary: 2003–2013. Cent. Asian Aff. 1:199–224
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Giustozzi A, Franco C, Baczko A 2012. Shadow Justice: How the Taliban Run Their Judiciary Kabul: Integr. Watch Afghan.
  21. Green AH. 2017. Armed group institutions and combatant socialization: evidence from El Salvador. J. Peace Res. 54:5687–700
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Hallaq W. 2004. The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
  23. Huang R. 2016a. The Wartime Origins of Democratization: Civil War, Rebel Governance, and Political Regimes New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
  24. Huang R. 2016b. Rebel diplomacy in civil war. Int. Secur. 40:489–126
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Kao K, Revkin M. 2018. To punish or to pardon? Reintegrating rebel collaborators after conflict in Iraq Work. Pap. No. 17, Progr. Gov. Local Dev., Univ Gothenburg, Swed:.
  26. Knapp M, Flach A, Ayboga E 2016. Revolution in Rojava: Democratic Autonomy and Women's Liberation in Syrian Kurdistan transl. J Biehl London: Pluto
  27. Lazarev E. 2018. Laws in conflict: legacies of war, gender and legal pluralism in Chechnya PhD Thesis, Dep. Political Sci., Univ. Tor., Can .
  28. Ledwidge F. 2017. Rebel Law: Insurgents, Courts and Justice in Modern Conflict New York: Oxford Univ. Press
  29. Loyle CE, Binningsbø HM. 2016. Justice during armed conflict: a new dataset on government and rebel strategies. J. Confl. Resolut. 62:2442–66
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Mahoney PG. 2000. The common law and economic growth: Hayek might be right. J. Leg. Stud. 30:503–25
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Mampilly ZC. 2011. Rebel Rulers: Insurgent Governance and Civilian Life During War Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press
  32. Mantzikos I. 2008. An African version of the Taliban? The Islamic Courts Union in Somalia 2006 and the Taliban Afghanistan 1996. Comp. Islamic Stud. 4:113–29
    [Google Scholar]
  33. McAdams R. 2015. The Expressive Powers of Law: Theory and Limits Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press
  34. McCartan B, Jolliffe K. 2016. Ethnic Armed Actors and Justice Provision in Myanmar San Francisco: Asia Found.
  35. McCubbins M, Schwartz T. 1984. Congressional oversight overlooked: police patrols versus fire alarms. Am. J. Political Sci. 28:16–79
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Mukherjee S. 2018. Historical legacies of colonial indirect rule: princely states and Maoist insurgency in central India. World Dev 111:113–29
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Murtazashvili JB. 2016. Informal Order and the State in Afghanistan New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
  38. Parkinson S, Zaks S. 2018. Militant and rebel organization(s). Comp. Politics 50:271–90
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Pashukanis E. 1980 (1924). General Theory of Law and Marxism transl. P Maggs New York: Academic
  40. Revkin M. 2016. The legal foundations of the Islamic State Anal. Pap. No. 23, Proj. US Relat. Islam. World, Brookings Inst Washington, DC:
  41. Revkin M. 2018. When terrorists govern: protecting civilians in conflicts with state-building armed groups. Harvard Natl. Secur. J. 9:100–44
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Roeder PG. 2007. Where Nation-States Come From: Institutional Change in the Age of Nationalism Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press
  43. Sanín FG, Wood EJ. 2014. Ideology in civil war: Instrumental adoption and beyond. J. Peace Res. 51:2213–26
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Sarkees MR, Wayman F. 2010. Resort to War: 1816–2007 Washington, DC: CQ Press
  45. Scott JC. 1998. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press
  46. Shapiro M. 1981. Courts: A Comparative and Political Analysis Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
  47. Sivakumaran S. 2009. Courts of armed opposition groups: Fair trials or summary justice. J. Int. Crim. Justice 7:2489–513
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Staniland P. 2012. States, insurgents, and wartime political orders. Perspect. Politics 10:2243–64
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Stewart M. 2018. Civil war as state-making: strategic governance in civil war. Int. Organ. 72:1205–26
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Suykens B. 2015. Comparing rebel rule through revolution and naturalization: ideologies of governance in Naxalite and Naga India. See Arjona et al. 2015 138–57
  51. Tilly C. 1985. Warmaking and Statemaking as Organized Crime New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
  52. Weinstein JM. 2006. Inside Rebellion: The Politics of Insurgent Violence New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101518-042753
Loading
  • Article Type: Review Article
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error