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Review Article
Open Access
Exploring Stars in Underground Laboratories: Challenges and Solutions
- Marialuisa Aliotta1, Axel Boeltzig2,3, Rosanna Depalo4,5, and György Gyürky6
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View Affiliations Hide AffiliationsAffiliations: 1SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; email: [email protected] 2Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy 3Institute of Nuclear Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany 4Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy 5Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Milano, Milano, Italy 6Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Vol. 72:177-204 (Volume publication date September 2022) https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-110221-103625
- First published as a Review in Advance on July 08, 2022
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Copyright © 2022 by Annual Reviews.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See credit lines of images or other third-party material in this article for license information
Abstract
For millennia, mankind has been fascinated by the marvel of the starry night sky. Yet, a proper scientific understanding of how stars form, shine, and die is a relatively recent achievement, made possible by the interplay of different disciplines as well as by significant technological, theoretical, and observational progress. We now know that stars are sustained by nuclear fusion reactions and are the furnaces where all chemical elements continue to be forged out of primordial hydrogen and helium. Studying these reactions in terrestrial laboratories presents serious challenges and often requires developing ingenious instrumentation and detection techniques. Here, we reveal how some of the major breakthroughs in our quest to unveil the inner workings of stars have come from the most unexpected of places: deep underground. As we celebrate 30 years of activity at the first underground laboratory for nuclear astrophysics, LUNA, we review some of the key milestones and anticipate future opportunities for further advances both at LUNA and at other underground laboratories worldwide.
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