1932
0
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Annual Review of Political Science
  4. Volume 17, 2014
  5. Article

Annual Review of Political Science

Volume 17, 2014

Improving Governance from the Outside In

Abstract

The variation in the efficacy of governance-related authority structures is stunning. The focus among scholars primarily on domestic conditions, and only secondarily on the external environment, to explain patterns of political development conforms to the prevailing assumptions of comparativists, international relations scholars, and international lawyers. Over the past decade, however, some scholars have studied the possibility that political institutions within states can be influenced or determined not only by internal factors and the external environment but also by the explicit policies of foreign actors. An emerging body of scholarship examines the efficacy of different policy tools that external actors might use to change the structure of domestic institutions in target states. We review this literature and reach the following conclusions. First, contracting often works, coercion sometimes works, and imposition rarely works. Second, the motivation of initiators matters: to be effective, intervening states must be committed to institutional change. Third, conditions in the target state are consequential: higher levels of development facilitate institutional change, and elite motivations must be aligned with the goals of external actors.

Keyword(s): democracy, external intervention, foreign aid, institutions
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-polisci-120611-231838
2014-05-11
2024-04-16
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/polisci/17/1/annurev-polisci-120611-231838.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-polisci-120611-231838&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. Acemoglu D, Cantoni D, Johnson S, Robinson JA. 2011. The consequences of radical reform: the French evolution. Am. Econ. Rev. 101:3286–307 [Google Scholar]
  2. Acemoglu D, Johnson S, Robinson JA. 2001. The colonial origins of comparative development: An empirical investigation. Am. Econ. Rev. 91:51369–401 [Google Scholar]
  3. Acemoglu D, Robinson JA. 2006. Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
  4. Acemoglu D, Robinson JA. 2012. Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty New York: Crown
  5. Alesina A, Dollar D. 2000. Who gives foreign aid to whom and why?. J. Econ. Growth 5:133–63 [Google Scholar]
  6. Aronow P, Sovey Carnegie A, Marinov N. 2012. The effects of aid on rights and governance: evidence from a natural experiment Available at SSRN: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2199131
  7. Baldwin DA. 1985. Economic Statecraft Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press
  8. Bearce DH, Tirone DC. 2010. Foreign aid effectiveness and the strategic goals of donor governments. J. Polit. 72:3837–51 [Google Scholar]
  9. Beaulieu E, Hyde SD. 2009. In the shadow of democracy promotion: strategic manipulation, international observers, and election boycotts. Comp. Polit. Stud. 42:3392–415 [Google Scholar]
  10. Boix C. 2011. Democracy, development, and the international system. Am. Polit. Sci. Rev. 105:4809–28 [Google Scholar]
  11. Boulding C, Hyde S. 2008. Political terror, election fraud, and foreign aid: When do donors withdraw aid to promote democracy? Presented at Annu. Meet. Midwest Polit. Sci. Assoc., Chicago, Apr. 3–6
  12. Bräutigam DA, Knack S. 2004. Foreign aid, institutions, and governance in sub-Saharan Africa. Econ. Dev. Cult. Change 52:2255–85 [Google Scholar]
  13. de Mesquita B, Downs GW. Bueno 2006. Intervention and democracy. Int. Org. 60:3627–49 [Google Scholar]
  14. de Mesquita B, Smith A. Bueno 2009. A political economy of aid. Int. Org. 63:2309–40 [Google Scholar]
  15. Burnside C, Dollar D. 2000. Aid, policies and growth. Am. Econ. Rev. 90:4847–68 [Google Scholar]
  16. Büthe T, Milner HV. 2008. The politics of foreign direct investment into developing countries: increasing FDI through international trade agreements?. Am. J. Polit. Sci. 52:4741–62 [Google Scholar]
  17. Callen M, Long JD. 2013. Institutional corruption and election fraud: evidence from a field experiment in Afghanistan Unpublished manuscript, Dep. Polit. Sci., Univ. Calif. San Diego
  18. Casey K, Glennerster R, Miguel E. 2012. Reshaping institutions: evidence on aid impacts using a preanalysis plan. Q. J. Econ. 127:41755–812 [Google Scholar]
  19. Claessens S, Cassimon D, Van Campenhout B. 2009. Evidence on changes in aid allocation criteria. World Bank Econ. Rev. 23:2185–208 [Google Scholar]
  20. Cole WM. 2005. Sovereignty relinquished? Explaining commitment to the international human rights covenants, 1966–1999. Am. Sociol. Rev. 70:3472–95 [Google Scholar]
  21. Djankov S, Montalvo JG, Reynal-Querol M. 2008. The curse of aid. J. Econ. Growth 13:3169–94 [Google Scholar]
  22. Dollar D, Levin V. 2006. The increasing selectivity of foreign aid, 1984–2003. World Dev. 34:122034–46 [Google Scholar]
  23. Downes AB, Monten J. 2013. Forced to be free?: Why foreign-imposed regime change rarely leads to democratization. Int. Secur. 37:490–131 [Google Scholar]
  24. Dreher A, Nunnenkamp P, Thiele R. 2011. Are ‘new’donors different? Comparing the allocation of bilateral aid between nonDAC and DAC donor countries. World Dev. 39:111950–68 [Google Scholar]
  25. Drezner DW. 2003. The hidden hand of economic coercion. Int. Org. 57:3643–59 [Google Scholar]
  26. Drezner DW. 2011. Sanctions sometimes smart: targeted sanctions in theory and practice. Int. Stud. Rev. 13:196–108 [Google Scholar]
  27. Dunning T. 2004. Conditioning the effects of aid: Cold War politics, donor credibility, and democracy in Africa. Int. Org. 58:2409–23 [Google Scholar]
  28. Easterly W, Pfutze T. 2008. Where does the money go? Best and worst practices in foreign aid. J. Econ. Pers. 22:229–52 [Google Scholar]
  29. Escribà-Folch A, Wright J. 2010. Dealing with tyranny: international sanctions and the survival of authoritarian rulers. Int. Stud. Q. 54:2335–59 [Google Scholar]
  30. Escribà-Folch A, Wright J. 2013. Defeating dictators: foreign pressure and the politics of authoritarian survival Unpublished manuscript
  31. Fearon JD. 2011. Self-enforcing democracy. Q. J. Econ. 126:41661–708 [Google Scholar]
  32. Fearon JD, Humphreys M, Weinstein JM. 2009. Can development aid contribute to social cohesion after civil war? Evidence from a field experiment in post-conflict Liberia. Am. Econ. Rev. 99:2287–91 [Google Scholar]
  33. Finkel SE, Pérez-Liñán A, Seligson MA. 2007. The effects of US foreign assistance on democracy building, 1990–2003. World Polit. 59:3404–39 [Google Scholar]
  34. Fukuyama F. 2011. The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman Times to the French Revolution London: Profile Books
  35. Geddes B. 2003. Paradigms and Sand Castles. Ann Arbor: Univ. Mich. Press
  36. Girod D. 2008. Cut from the same cloth? Multilateral versus bilateral aid Presented at Annu. Conf. Int. Polit. Econ. Soc., Philadelphia, PA, Nov. 14–15
  37. Girod DM, Tobin J. 2011. Take the money and run: the determinants of compliance with aid agreements Presented at Int. Polit. Econ. Soc., Madison, WI, Nov. 11–12
  38. Goldsmith AA. 2001. Foreign aid and statehood in Africa. Int. Org. 55:1123–48 [Google Scholar]
  39. Hafner-Burton EM. 2005. Trading human rights: how preferential trade agreements influence government repression. Int. Org. 59:3593–629 [Google Scholar]
  40. Hafner-Burton EM. 2009. Forced to be Good: Why Trade Agreements Boost Human Rights Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press
  41. Hafner-Burton EM. 2012. International regimes for human rights. Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci. 15:265–86 [Google Scholar]
  42. Hafner-Burton EM, Pevehouse J, Mansfield E. 2013. Human rights institutions, sovereignty costs, and democratization ILAR Work. Pap. No. 8, Lab. Intl. Law Regul., Univ. Calif. San Diego
  43. Hafner-Burton EM, Tsutsui K. 2005. Human rights in a globalizing world: the paradox of empty promises. Am. J. Sociol. 110:51373–411 [Google Scholar]
  44. Hafner-Burton EM, Tsutsui K. 2007. Justice lost! The failure of international human rights law to matter where needed most. J. Peace Res. 44:4407–25 [Google Scholar]
  45. Heckelman JC, Knack S. 2008. Foreign aid and market-liberalizing reform. Economica 75:299524–48 [Google Scholar]
  46. Hathaway OA. 2002. Do human rights treaties make a difference?. Yale Law J. 111:81935–2042 [Google Scholar]
  47. Hirschman AO. 1945. National Power and the Structure of Foreign Trade Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press
  48. Hollyer J, Rosendorff B. 2011. Why do authoritarian regimes sign the Convention Against Torture? Signaling, domestic politics and non-compliance. Q. J. Polit. Sci. 6:3–4275–327 [Google Scholar]
  49. Hufbauer GC, Schott JJ, Elliott KA. 1990. Economic Sanctions Reconsidered: Supplemental Case Histories 2 Washington, DC: Inst. Int. Econ.
  50. Humphreys MH, Sanchez de la Sierra R, Van der Windt P. 2013. Exporting institutions: an RCT in Eastern Congo Unpublished manuscript, Columbia Univ.
  51. Huntington SP. 1968. Political Order in Changing Societies New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press
  52. Hyde SD. 2007. The observer effect in international politics: evidence from a natural experiment. World Polit. 60:137–63 [Google Scholar]
  53. Hyde SD. 2011. The Pseudo-Democrat's Dilemma: Why Election Monitoring Became an International Norm. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press
  54. Hyde SD, O'Mahony A. 2010. International scrutiny and pre-electoral fiscal manipulation in developing countries. J. Polit. 72:3690–704 [Google Scholar]
  55. Ichino N, Schündeln M. 2012. Deterring or displacing electoral irregularities? Spillover effects of observers in a randomized field experiment in Ghana. J. Polit. 74:1292–307 [Google Scholar]
  56. Jandhyala S, Henisz WJ, Mansfield ED. 2011. Three waves of BITs: the global diffusion of foreign investment policy. J. Confl. Resolut. 55:61047–73 [Google Scholar]
  57. Johnson D, Zajonc T. 2006. Can foreign aid create an incentive for good governance? Evidence from the Millennium Challenge Corporation. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=896293
  58. Keith LC. 1999. The United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: Does it make a difference in human rights behavior?. J. Peace Res. 36:195–118 [Google Scholar]
  59. Kelley JG. 2011. Do international election monitors increase or decrease opposition boycotts?. Comp. Polit. Stud. 44:111527–56 [Google Scholar]
  60. Kelley JG. 2012a. International influences on elections in new multiparty states. Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci. 15:203–20 [Google Scholar]
  61. Kelley JG. 2012b. Monitoring Democracy: When International Election Observation Works, and Why it Often Fails Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press
  62. Kirshner J. 1997. The microfoundations of economic sanctions. Secur. Stud. 6:332–64 [Google Scholar]
  63. Knack S. 2004. Does foreign aid promote democracy?. Int. Stud. Q. 48:1251–66 [Google Scholar]
  64. Kono DY, Montinola GR. 2009. Does foreign aid support autocrats, democrats, or both?. J. Polit. 71:2704–18 [Google Scholar]
  65. Lektzian D, Souva M. 2007. An institutional theory of sanctions onset and success. J. Confl. Resolut. 51:6848–71 [Google Scholar]
  66. Licht AA. 2010. Coming into money: the impact of foreign aid on leader survival. J. Confl. Resolut. 54:158–87 [Google Scholar]
  67. Lipset SM. 1960. Political Man: the Social Bases of Politics Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press
  68. Lo N, Hashimoto B, Reiter D. 2008. Ensuring peace: foreign-imposed regime change and postwar peace duration, 1914–2001. Int. Org. 62:4717–36 [Google Scholar]
  69. Lupu Y. 2013a. Best evidence: the role of information in domestic judicial enforcement of international human rights agreements. Int. Org. 67:3469–503 [Google Scholar]
  70. Lupu Y. 2013b. The informative power of treaty commitment: using the spatial model to address selection effects. Am. J. Polit. Sci. 57:4912–25 [Google Scholar]
  71. Marinov N. 2005. Do economic sanctions destabilize country leaders?. Am. J. Polit. Sci. 49:3564–76 [Google Scholar]
  72. Meyer JW, Boli J, Thomas GM, Ramirez FO. 1997. World society and the nation-state. Am. J. Sociol. 103:1144–81 [Google Scholar]
  73. Montinola G. 2008. When does aid conditionality work? Presented at Annu. Meet. Am. Polit. Sci. Assoc., Boston, MA, Aug. 28–31
  74. Moravcsik A. 2000. The origins of human rights regimes: democratic delegation in postwar Europe. Int. Org. 54:2217–52 [Google Scholar]
  75. Morrison KM. 2007. Natural resources, aid, and democratization: a best-case scenario. Public Choice 131:3–4365–86 [Google Scholar]
  76. Morrison KM. 2009. Oil, nontax revenue, and the redistributional foundations of regime stability. Int. Org. 63:1107–38 [Google Scholar]
  77. Neumayer E. 2003. Do human rights matter in bilateral aid allocation? A quantitative analysis of 21 donor countries. Soc. Sci. Q. 84:3650–66 [Google Scholar]
  78. Neumayer E. 2005. Do international human rights treaties improve respect for human rights?. J. Confl. Resolut. 49:6925–53 [Google Scholar]
  79. North D, Wallis JJ, Weingast B. 2009. Violence and Social Orders New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
  80. Owen JM IV. 2010. The Clash of Ideas in World Politics: Transnational Networks, States, and Regime Change, 1510–2010 Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press
  81. Pape RA. 1997. Why economic sanctions do not work. Int. Secur. 22:290–136 [Google Scholar]
  82. Parks BC, Rice ZJ. 2013. Does the “MCC Effect” Exist? Results from the 2012 MCA Stakeholder Survey Washington, DC: Cent. Glob. Dev.
  83. Peceny M. 1999. Forcing them to be free. Polit. Res. Q. 52:3549–82 [Google Scholar]
  84. Peceny M. 2010. Democracy at the Point of Bayonets State College, PA: Penn. State Press
  85. Pei M, Kasper S. 2003. Lessons from the past: the American record on nation-building. Foreign policy. Carnegie Endow. Int. Peace Policy Brief
  86. Peksen D. 2010. Coercive diplomacy and press freedom: an empirical assessment of the impact of economic sanctions on media openness. Int. Polit. Sci. Rev. 31:4449–69 [Google Scholar]
  87. Pickering J, Kisangani EF. 2006. Political, economic, and social consequences of foreign military intervention. Polit. Res. Q. 59:3363–76 [Google Scholar]
  88. Pickering J, Peceny M. 2006. Forging democracy at gunpoint. Int. Stud. Q. 50:3539–60 [Google Scholar]
  89. Powell EJ, Staton JK. 2009. Domestic judicial institutions and human rights treaty violation. Internat. Stud. Q. 53:1149–74 [Google Scholar]
  90. Remmer KL. 2004. Does foreign aid promote the expansion of government?. Am. J. Polit. Sci. 48:177–92 [Google Scholar]
  91. Rosendorff BP, Shin K. 2011. Importing transparency: the political economy of BITs and FDI flows Unpublished manuscript, New York Univ.
  92. Simmons BA. 2009. Mobilizing for Human Rights: International Law in Domestic Politics New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
  93. Tilly C. 1985. War making and state making as organized crime. Bringing the State Back In P Evans, D Rueschemeyer, T Skocpol 169–86 New York: Cambridge Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  94. Tobin JL. 2007. Separate and unequal: bilateral investment treaties and property rights in developing countries Work. pap., Global Econ. Governance Prog., Oxford Univ.
  95. Tomz M, Goldstein JL, Rivers D. 2007. Do we really know that the WTO increases trade? Comment. Am. Econ. Rev. 97:52005–18 [Google Scholar]
  96. Winters MS. 2010. Choosing to target: What types of countries get different types of World Bank projects?. World Polit. 62:3422–58 [Google Scholar]
  97. Wood RM. 2008. A hand upon the throat of the nation: economic sanctions and state repression, 1976–2001. Int. Stud. Q. 52:3489–513 [Google Scholar]
  98. Woodberry RD. 2012. The missionary roots of liberal democracy. Am. Polit. Sci. Rev. 106:2244–74 [Google Scholar]
  99. Wright J. 2008. To invest or insure? How authoritarian time horizons impact foreign aid effectiveness. Comp. Polit. Stud. 41:7971–1000 [Google Scholar]
  100. Wright J. 2009. How foreign aid can foster democratization in authoritarian regimes. Am. J. Polit. Sci. 53:3552–71 [Google Scholar]
  101. Wright J. 2010. Aid effectiveness and the politics of personalism. Comp. Polit. Stud. 43:6735–62 [Google Scholar]
  102. Wright J, Winters M. 2010. The politics of effective foreign aid. Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci. 13:61–80 [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-polisci-120611-231838
Loading
  • Article Type: Review Article

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error