Visual Attention in the Prefrontal Cortex

Literature Cited

1. Anton-Erxleben K, Stephan VM, Treue S. 2009. Attention reshapes center-surround receptive field structure in macaque cortical area MT. Cereb. Cortex 19:2466–78
   [Google Scholar]
2. Arnsten AFT. 2013. The neurobiology of thought: the groundbreaking discoveries of Patricia Goldman-Rakic 1937–2003. Cereb. Cortex 23:2269–81
   [Google Scholar]
3. Arnsten AFT, Wang MJ, Paspalas CD. 2012. Neuromodulation of thought: flexibilities and vulnerabilities in prefrontal cortical network synapses. Neuron 76:223–39
   [Google Scholar]
4. Astrand E, Enel P, Ibos G, Dominey PF, Baraduc P, Hamed SB. 2014. Comparison of classifiers for decoding sensory and cognitive information from prefrontal neuronal populations. PLOS ONE 9:e86314
   [Google Scholar]
5. Backen T, Treue S, Martinez-Trujillo JC. 2018. Encoding of spatial attention by primate prefrontal cortex neuronal ensembles. eNeuro 5:ENEURO.0372–16.2017
   [Google Scholar]
6. Behrmann M, Geng JJ, Shomstein S. 2004. Parietal cortex and attention. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 14:212–17
   [Google Scholar]
7. Bichot NP, Heard MT, DeGennaro EM, Desimone R. 2015. A source for feature-based attention in the prefrontal cortex. Neuron 88:832–44
   [Google Scholar]
8. Bichot NP, Schall JD, Thompson KG. 1996. Visual feature selectivity in frontal eye fields induced by experience in mature macaques. Nature 381:697–99
   [Google Scholar]
9. Bichot NP, Xu R, Ghadooshahy A, Williams ML, Desimone R. 2019. The role of prefrontal cortex in the control of feature attention in area V4. Nat. Commun. 10:5727
   [Google Scholar]
10. Bisley JW. 2011. The neural basis of visual attention. J. Physiol. 589:49–57
    [Google Scholar]
11. Bruce CJ, Goldberg ME. 1984. Physiology of the frontal eye fields. Trends Neurosci. 7:436–41
    [Google Scholar]
12. Bruce CJ, Goldberg ME, Bushnell MC, Stanton GB. 1985. Primate frontal eye fields. II. Physiological and anatomical correlates of electrically evoked eye movements. J. Neurophysiol. 54:714–34
    [Google Scholar]
13. Buffalo EA, Fries P, Landman R, Liang H, Desimone R. 2010. A backward progression of attentional effects in the ventral stream. PNAS 107:361–65
    [Google Scholar]
14. Bullock KR, Pieper F, Sachs AJ, Martinez-Trujillo JC. 2017. Visual and presaccadic activity in area 8Ar of the macaque monkey lateral prefrontal cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 118:15–28
    [Google Scholar]
15. Buschman TJ, Miller EK. 2007. Top-down versus bottom-up control of attention in the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices. Science 315:1860–62
    [Google Scholar]
16. Buschman TJ, Miller EK. 2009. Serial, covert shifts of attention during visual search are reflected by the frontal eye fields and correlated with population oscillations. Neuron 63:386–96
    [Google Scholar]
17. Carandini M, Heeger DJ. 2011. Normalization as a canonical neural computation. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 13:51–62
    [Google Scholar]
18. Carrasco M. 2011. Visual attention: the past 25 years. Vis. Res. 51:1484–525
    [Google Scholar]
19. Clayton MS, Yeung N, Kadosh RC. 2015. The roles of cortical oscillations in sustained attention. Trends Cogn. Sci. 19:188–95
    [Google Scholar]
20. Cohen JY, Crowder EA, Heitz RP, Subraveti CR, Thompson KG et al. 2010. Cooperation and competition among frontal eye field neurons during visual target selection. J. Neurosci. 30:3227–38
    [Google Scholar]
21. Cohen MR, Maunsell JHR. 2009. Attention improves performance primarily by reducing interneuronal correlations. Nat. Neurosci. 12:1594–600
    [Google Scholar]
22. Dasilva M, Brandt C, Gotthardt S, Gieselmann MA, Distler C, Thiele A. 2019. Cell class-specific modulation of attentional signals by acetylcholine in macaque frontal eye field. PNAS 116:20180–89
    [Google Scholar]
23. Desimone R, Duncan J. 1995. Neural mechanisms of selective visual attention. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 18:193–222
    [Google Scholar]
24. Duncan J, Humphreys GW. 1989. Visual search and stimulus similarity. Psychol. Rev. 96:433–58
    [Google Scholar]
25. Duong L, Leavitt M, Pieper F, Sachs A, Martinez-Trujillo J. 2019. A normalization circuit underlying coding of spatial attention in primate lateral prefrontal cortex. eNeuro 6:ENEURO.0301–18.2019
    [Google Scholar]
26. Ekstrom LB, Roelfsema PR, Arsenault JT, Kolster H, Vanduffel W. 2009. Modulation of the contrast response function by electrical microstimulation of the macaque frontal eye field. J. Neurosci. 29:10683–94
    [Google Scholar]
27. Everling S, Tinsley CJ, Gaffan D, Duncan J. 2002. Filtering of neural signals by focused attention in the monkey prefrontal cortex. Nat. Neurosci. 5:671–76
    [Google Scholar]
28. Everling S, Tinsley CJ, Gaffan D, Duncan J. 2006. Selective representation of task-relevant objects and locations in the monkey prefrontal cortex. Eur. J. Neurosci. 23:2197–214
    [Google Scholar]
29. Felleman DJ, Essen DCV. 1991. Distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex. Cereb. Cortex 1:1–47
    [Google Scholar]
30. Fries P. 2015. Rhythms for cognition: communication through coherence. Neuron 88:220–35
    [Google Scholar]
31. Froudist-Walsh S, Bliss DP, Ding X, Rapan L, Niu M et al. 2021. A dopamine gradient controls access to distributed working memory in the large-scale monkey cortex. Neuron 109:3500–20.e13
    [Google Scholar]
32. Funahashi S, Bruce CJ, Goldman-Rakic PS. 1989. Mnemonic coding of visual space in the monkey's dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 61:331–49
    [Google Scholar]
33. Fuster JM. 2015. Anatomy of the prefrontal cortex. The Prefrontal Cortex J Fuster 9–62 Amsterdam: Elsevier. , 5th ed..
    [Google Scholar]
34. Fuster JM, Alexander GE. 1971. Neuron activity related to short-term memory. Science 173:652–54
    [Google Scholar]
35. Glaser JI, Benjamin AS, Chowdhury RH, Perich MG, Miller LE, Kording KP. 2020. Machine learning for neural decoding. eNeuro 7:ENEURO.0506–19.2020
    [Google Scholar]
36. Gregoriou GG, Gotts SJ, Desimone R. 2012. Cell-type-specific synchronization of neural activity in FEF with V4 during attention. Neuron 73:581–94
    [Google Scholar]
37. Hasegawa RP, Matsumoto M, Mikami A. 2000. Search target selection in monkey prefrontal cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 84:1692–96
    [Google Scholar]
38. Hussar CR, Pasternak T. 2009. Flexibility of sensory representations in prefrontal cortex depends on cell type. Neuron 64:730–43
    [Google Scholar]
39. Iba M, Sawaguchi T. 2002. Neuronal activity representing visuospatial mnemonic processes associated with target selection in the monkey dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Neurosci. Res. 43:9–22
    [Google Scholar]
40. Ibos G, Duhamel J-R, Hamed SB. 2013. A functional hierarchy within the parietofrontal network in stimulus selection and attention control. J. Neurosci. 33:8359–69
    [Google Scholar]
41. Kaping D, Vinck M, Hutchison RM, Everling S, Womelsdorf T. 2011. Specific contributions of ventromedial, anterior cingulate, and lateral prefrontal cortex for attentional selection and stimulus valuation. PLOS Biol. 9:e1001224
    [Google Scholar]
42. Kastner S, Ungerleider LG. 2000. Mechanisms of visual attention in the human cortex. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 23:315–41
    [Google Scholar]
43. Khayat PS, Niebergall R, Martinez-Trujillo JC. 2010. Attention differentially modulates similar neuronal responses evoked by varying contrast and direction stimuli in area MT. J. Neurosci. 30:2188–97
    [Google Scholar]
44. Koval MJ, Lomber SG, Everling S. 2011. Prefrontal cortex deactivation in macaques alters activity in the superior colliculus and impairs voluntary control of saccades. J. Neurosci. 31:8659–68
    [Google Scholar]
45. Lawrence BM, Snyder LH. 2009. The responses of visual neurons in the frontal eye field are biased for saccades. J. Neurosci. 29:13815–22
    [Google Scholar]
46. Leavitt ML, Mendoza-Halliday D, Martinez-Trujillo JC. 2017a. Sustained activity encoding working memories: not fully distributed. Trends Neurosci. 40:328–46
    [Google Scholar]
47. Leavitt ML, Pieper F, Sachs A, Joober R, Martinez-Trujillo JC. 2013. Structure of spike count correlations reveals functional interactions between neurons in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex area 8a of behaving primates. PLOS ONE 8:e61503
    [Google Scholar]
48. Leavitt ML, Pieper F, Sachs AJ, Martinez-Trujillo JC. 2017b. Correlated variability modifies working memory fidelity in primate prefrontal neuronal ensembles. PNAS 114:E2494–503
    [Google Scholar]
49. Lebedev MA, Messinger A, Kralik JD, Wise SP. 2004. Representation of attended versus remembered locations in prefrontal cortex. PLOS Biol. 2:e365
    [Google Scholar]
50. Lennert T, Martinez-Trujillo J. 2011. Strength of response suppression to distracter stimuli determines attentional-filtering performance in primate prefrontal neurons. Neuron 70:141–52
    [Google Scholar]
51. Lennert T, Martinez-Trujillo JC. 2013. Prefrontal neurons of opposite spatial preference display distinct target selection dynamics. J. Neurosci. 33:9520–29
    [Google Scholar]
52. Liu T, Hospadaruk L, Zhu DC, Gardner JL. 2011. Feature-specific attentional priority signals in human cortex. J. Neurosci. 31:4484–95
    [Google Scholar]
53. Luo TZ, Maunsell JHR. 2015. Neuronal modulations in visual cortex are associated with only one of multiple components of attention. Neuron 86:1182–88
    [Google Scholar]
54. Luo TZ, Maunsell JHR. 2018. Attentional changes in either criterion or sensitivity are associated with robust modulations in lateral prefrontal cortex. Neuron 97:1382–93.e7
    [Google Scholar]
55. Markov NT, Ercsey-Ravasz MM, Ribeiro Gomes AR, Lamy C, Magrou L et al. 2014. A weighted and directed interareal connectivity matrix for macaque cerebral cortex. Cereb. Cortex 24:17–36
    [Google Scholar]
56. Martinez-Trujillo J, Gulli RA. 2018. Dissecting modulatory effects of visual attention in primate lateral prefrontal cortex using signal detection theory. Neuron 97:1208–10
    [Google Scholar]
57. Martinez-Trujillo J, Treue S. 2002. Attentional modulation strength in cortical area MT depends on stimulus contrast. Neuron 35:365–70
    [Google Scholar]
58. Martinez-Trujillo JC, Treue S. 2004. Feature-based attention increases the selectivity of population responses in primate visual cortex. Curr. Biol. 14:744–51
    [Google Scholar]
59. Matsushima A, Tanaka M. 2012. Neuronal correlates of multiple top-down signals during covert tracking of moving objects in macaque prefrontal cortex. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 24:2043–56
    [Google Scholar]
60. Maunsell JHR. 2015. Neuronal mechanisms of visual attention. Annu. Rev. Vis. Sci. 1:373–91
    [Google Scholar]
61. Maunsell JHR, Treue S. 2006. Feature-based attention in visual cortex. Trends Neurosci. 29:317–22
    [Google Scholar]
62. McAdams CJ, Maunsell JH. 1999. Effects of attention on orientation-tuning functions of single neurons in macaque cortical area V4. J. Neurosci. 19:431–41
    [Google Scholar]
63. Mendoza D, Schneiderman M, Kaul C, Martinez-Trujillo J. 2011. Combined effects of feature-based working memory and feature-based attention on the perception of visual motion direction. J. Vis. 11:111
    [Google Scholar]
64. Mendoza-Halliday D, Martinez-Trujillo JC. 2017. Neuronal population coding of perceived and memorized visual features in the lateral prefrontal cortex. Nat. Commun. 8:15471
    [Google Scholar]
65. Mendoza-Halliday D, Torres S, Martinez-Trujillo J 2015. Working memory representations of visual motion along the primate dorsal visual pathway. Mechanisms of Sensory Working Memory P Jolicoeur, C Lefebvre, J Martinez-Trujillo 159–69 Amsterdam: Elsevier
    [Google Scholar]
66. Mendoza-Halliday D, Torres S, Martinez-Trujillo JC. 2014. Sharp emergence of feature-selective sustained activity along the dorsal visual pathway. Nat. Neurosci. 17:1255–62
    [Google Scholar]
67. Miller EK, Cohen JD. 2001. An integrative theory of prefrontal cortical function. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 24:167–202
    [Google Scholar]
68. Mitchell JF, Sundberg KA, Reynolds JH. 2009. Spatial attention decorrelates intrinsic activity fluctuations in macaque area V4. Neuron 63:879–88
    [Google Scholar]
69. Monosov IE, Thompson KG. 2009. Frontal eye field activity enhances object identification during covert visual search. J. Neurophysiol. 102:3656–72
    [Google Scholar]
70. Monteon JA, Constantin AG, Wang H, Martinez-Trujillo J, Crawford JD. 2010. Electrical stimulation of the frontal eye fields in the head-free macaque evokes kinematically normal 3D gaze shifts. J. Neurophysiol. 104:3462–75
    [Google Scholar]
71. Monteon JA, Wang H, Martinez-Trujillo J, Crawford JD. 2013. Frames of reference for eye-head gaze shifts evoked during frontal eye field stimulation. Eur. J. Neurosci. 37:1754–65
    [Google Scholar]
72. Moore T, Armstrong KM. 2003. Selective gating of visual signals by microstimulation of frontal cortex. Nature 421:370–73
    [Google Scholar]
73. Moore T, Armstrong KM, Fallah M. 2003. Visuomotor origins of covert spatial attention. Neuron 40:671–83
    [Google Scholar]
74. Moore T, Fallah M. 2004. Microstimulation of the frontal eye field and its effects on covert spatial attention. J. Neurophysiol. 91:152–62
    [Google Scholar]
75. Moran J, Desimone R. 1985. Selective attention gates visual processing in the extrastriate cortex. Science 229:782–84
    [Google Scholar]
76. Moreno-Bote R, Beck J, Kanitscheider I, Pitkow X, Latham P, Pouget A. 2014. Information-limiting correlations. Nat. Neurosci. 17:101410–17
    [Google Scholar]
77. Niebergall R, Khayat PS, Treue S, Martinez-Trujillo JC. 2011a. Expansion of MT neurons excitatory receptive fields during covert attentive tracking. J. Neurosci. 31:15499–10
    [Google Scholar]
78. Niebergall R, Khayat PS, Treue S, Martinez-Trujillo JC. 2011b. Multifocal attention filters targets from distracters within and beyond primate MT neurons’ receptive field boundaries. Neuron 72:1067–79
    [Google Scholar]
79. Nogueira R, Peltier NE, Anzai A, DeAngelis GC, Martinez-Trujillo J, Moreno-Bote R. 2019. Identifying the most influential features of neural population responses for information encoding and behavior. bioRxiv 577379. https://doi.org/10.1101/577379
    [Crossref]
80. Normann RA, Fernandez E. 2016. Clinical applications of penetrating neural interfaces and Utah Electrode Array technologies. J. Neural Eng. 13:061003
    [Google Scholar]
81. Noudoost B, Chang MH, Steinmetz NA, Moore T 2010. Top-down control of visual attention. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 20:183–90
    [Google Scholar]
82. Noudoost B, Moore T. 2011. Control of visual cortical signals by dopamine. Nature 474:372–75
    [Google Scholar]
83. Paneri S, Gregoriou GG. 2017. Top-down control of visual attention by the prefrontal cortex: functional specialization and long-range interactions. Front. Neurosci. 11:545
    [Google Scholar]
84. Panichello MF, Buschman TJ. 2021. Shared mechanisms underlie the control of working memory and attention. Nature 592:601–5
    [Google Scholar]
85. Passingham RE, Wise SP. 2012. The Neurobiology of the Prefrontal Cortex: Anatomy, Evolution, and the Origin of Insight Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press
86. Pasternak T, Lui LL, Spinelli PM. 2015. Unilateral prefrontal lesions impair memory-guided comparisons of contralateral visual motion. J. Neurosci. 35:7095–105
    [Google Scholar]
87. Peng X, Sereno ME, Silva AK, Lehky SR, Sereno AB. 2008. Shape selectivity in primate frontal eye field. J. Neurophysiol. 100:796–814
    [Google Scholar]
88. Petrides M. 2005. Lateral prefrontal cortex: architectonic and functional organization. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 360:781–95
    [Google Scholar]
89. Petrides M, Tomaiuolo F, Yeterian EH, Pandya DN. 2012. The prefrontal cortex: comparative architectonic organization in the human and the macaque monkey brains. Cortex 48:46–57
    [Google Scholar]
90. Posner MI, Rothbart MK. 2007. Research on attention networks as a model for the integration of psychological science. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 58:1–23
    [Google Scholar]
91. Posner MI, Snyder CR, Davidson BJ. 1980. Attention and the detection of signals. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 109:160–74
    [Google Scholar]
92. Preuss TM. 1995. Do rats have prefrontal cortex? The Rose-Woolsey-Akert program reconsidered. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 7:1–24
    [Google Scholar]
93. Preuss TM, Goldman-Rakic PS. 1991. Ipsilateral cortical connections of granular frontal cortex in the strepsirhine primate Galago, with comparative comments on anthropoid primates. J. Comp. Neurol. 310:507–49
    [Google Scholar]
94. Rainer G, Asaad WF, Miller EK. 1998. Selective representation of relevant information by neurons in the primate prefrontal cortex. Nature 393:577–79
    [Google Scholar]
95. Reynolds JH, Heeger DJ. 2009. The normalization model of attention. Neuron 61:168–85
    [Google Scholar]
96. Rizzolatti G, Riggio L, Dascola I, Umiltá C. 1987. Reorienting attention across the horizontal and vertical meridians: evidence in favor of a premotor theory of attention. Neuropsychologia 25:31–40
    [Google Scholar]
97. Rossi AF, Bichot NP, Desimone R, Ungerleider LG. 2010. Top-down, but not bottom-up: deficits in target selection in monkeys with prefrontal lesions. J. Vis. 1:18
    [Google Scholar]
98. Russo GS, Bruce CJ. 1996. Neurons in the supplementary eye field of rhesus monkeys code visual targets and saccadic eye movements in an oculocentric coordinate system. J. Neurophysiol. 76:825–48
    [Google Scholar]
99. Saalmann YB, Kastner S. 2009. Gain control in the visual thalamus during perception and cognition. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 19:408–14
    [Google Scholar]
100. Saalmann YB, Pigarev IN, Vidyasagar TR. 2007. Neural mechanisms of visual attention: how top-down feedback highlights relevant locations. Science 316:1612–15
     [Google Scholar]
101. Saenz M, Buracas GT, Boynton GM. 2002. Global effects of feature-based attention in human visual cortex. Nat. Neurosci. 5:631–32
     [Google Scholar]
102. Sajad A, Godlove DC, Schall JD. 2019. Cortical microcircuitry of performance monitoring. Nat. Neurosci. 22:265–74
     [Google Scholar]
103. Sajad A, Sadeh M, Crawford JD. 2020. Spatiotemporal transformations for gaze control. Physiol. Rep. 8:e14533
     [Google Scholar]
104. Sajad A, Sadeh M, Keith GP, Yan X, Wang H, Crawford JD. 2015. Visual-motor transformations within frontal eye fields during head-unrestrained gaze shifts in the monkey. Cereb. Cortex 25:3932–52
     [Google Scholar]
105. Schall JD. 2009. Frontal eye fields. Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, ed. LR Squire, pp. 367–74 Amsterdam: Elsevier
     [Google Scholar]
106. Schlag J, Schlag-Rey M, Pigarev I. 1992. Supplementary eye field: influence of eye position on neural signals of fixation. Exp. Brain Res. 90:302–6
     [Google Scholar]
107. Schneider KA, Kastner S. 2009. Effects of sustained spatial attention in the human lateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus. J. Neurosci. 29:1784–95
     [Google Scholar]
108. Schwedhelm P, Baldauf D, Treue S. 2020. The lateral prefrontal cortex of primates encodes stimulus colors and their behavioral relevance during a match-to-sample task. Sci. Rep. 10:4216
     [Google Scholar]
109. Segraves MA. 1992. Activity of monkey frontal eye field neurons projecting to oculomotor regions of the pons. J. Neurophysiol. 68:1967–85
     [Google Scholar]
110. Serences JT, Boynton GM. 2007. Feature-based attentional modulations in the absence of direct visual stimulation. Neuron 55:301–12
     [Google Scholar]
111. Shomstein S, Gottlieb J. 2016. Spatial and non-spatial aspects of visual attention: interactive cognitive mechanisms and neural underpinnings. Neuropsychologia 92:9–19
     [Google Scholar]
112. Simons DJ, Levin DT. 1997. Change blindness. Trends Cogn. Sci. 1:261–67
     [Google Scholar]
113. Smith DT, Schenk T. 2012. The premotor theory of attention: time to move on?. Neuropsychologia 50:1104–14
     [Google Scholar]
114. Spitzer H, Desimone R, Moran J. 1988. Increased attention enhances both behavioral and neuronal performance. Science 240:338–40
     [Google Scholar]
115. Stalter M, Westendorff S, Nieder A. 2021. Feature-based attention processes in primate prefrontal cortex do not rely on feature similarity. Cell Rep 36:109470
     [Google Scholar]
116. Stanton GB, Bruce CJ, Goldberg ME. 1995. Topography of projections to posterior cortical areas from the macaque frontal eye fields. J. Comp. Neurol. 353:291–305
     [Google Scholar]
117. Stanton GB, Goldberg ME, Bruce CJ. 1988. Frontal eye field efferents in the macaque monkey: II. Topography of terminal fields in midbrain and pons. J. Comp. Neurol. 271:493–506
     [Google Scholar]
118. Suzuki M, Gottlieb J. 2013. Distinct neural mechanisms of distractor suppression in the frontal and parietal lobe. Nat. Neurosci. 16:98–104
     [Google Scholar]
119. Tanji J, Hoshi E. 2008. Role of the lateral prefrontal cortex in executive behavioral control. Physiol. Rev. 88:37–57
     [Google Scholar]
120. Tehovnik EJ, Sommer MA, Chou IH, Slocum WM, Schiller PH. 2000. Eye fields in the frontal lobes of primates. Brain Res. Rev. 32:413–48
     [Google Scholar]
121. Theeuwes J. 1993. Endogenous and exogenous control of visual selection. Perception 23:429–40
     [Google Scholar]
122. Thiele A, Bellgrove MA. 2018. Neuromodulation of attention. Neuron 97:769–85
     [Google Scholar]
123. Thompson KG, Bichot NP, Schall JD. 1997. Dissociation of visual discrimination from saccade programming in macaque frontal eye field. J. Neurophysiol. 77:1046–50
     [Google Scholar]
124. Torres-Gomez S, Blonde JD, Mendoza-Halliday D, Kuebler E, Everest M et al. 2020. Changes in the proportion of inhibitory interneuron types from sensory to executive areas of the primate neocortex: implications for the origins of working memory representations. Cereb. Cortex 30:4544–62
     [Google Scholar]
125. Treisman A. 1982. Perceptual grouping and attention in visual search for features and for objects. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 8:194–214
     [Google Scholar]
126. Tremblay S, Pieper F, Sachs A, Martinez-Trujillo J. 2015. Attentional filtering of visual information by neuronal ensembles in the primate lateral prefrontal cortex. Neuron 85:202–15
     [Google Scholar]
127. Treue S, Martinez-Trujillo JC. 1999. Feature-based attention influences motion processing gain in macaque visual cortex. Nature 399:575–79
     [Google Scholar]
128. Treue S, Maunsell JH. 1996. Attentional modulation of visual motion processing in cortical areas MT and MST. Nature 382:539–41
     [Google Scholar]
129. Tsotsos JK, Culhane SM, Wai WYK, Lai Y, Davis N, Nuflo F. 1995. Modeling visual attention via selective tuning. Artif. Intell. 78:507–45
     [Google Scholar]
130. Veniero D, Gross J, Morand S, Duecker F, Sack AT, Thut G. 2021. Top-down control of visual cortex by the frontal eye fields through oscillatory realignment. Nat. Commun. 12:1757
     [Google Scholar]
131. Vernet M, Quentin R, Chanes L, Mitsumasu A, Valero-Cabré A. 2014. Frontal eye field, where art thou? Anatomy, function, and non-invasive manipulation of frontal regions involved in eye movements and associated cognitive operations. Front. Integr. Neurosci. 8:66
     [Google Scholar]
132. Wang M, Yang Y, Wang C-J, Gamo NJ, Jin LE et al. 2013. NMDA receptors subserve persistent neuronal firing during working memory in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Neuron 77:736–49
     [Google Scholar]
133. Wang X-J. 1999. Synaptic basis of cortical persistent activity: the importance of NMDA receptors to working memory. J. Neurosci. 19:9587–603
     [Google Scholar]
134. Wang X-J. 2001. Synaptic reverberation underlying mnemonic persistent activity. Trends Neurosci. 24:455–63
     [Google Scholar]
135. Wang X-J, Yang GR. 2018. A disinhibitory circuit motif and flexible information routing in the brain. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 49:75–83
     [Google Scholar]
136. Wardak C, Ibos G, Duhamel J-R, Olivier E 2006. Contribution of the monkey frontal eye field to covert visual attention. J. Neurosci. 26:4228–35
     [Google Scholar]
137. Womelsdorf T, Anton-Erxleben K, Treue S 2008. Receptive field shift and shrinkage in macaque middle temporal area through attentional gain modulation. J. Neurosci. 28:8934–44
     [Google Scholar]
138. Yang GR, Murray JD, Wang X-J. 2016. A dendritic disinhibitory circuit mechanism for pathway-specific gating. Nat. Commun. 7:12815
     [Google Scholar]
139. Yoo S-A, Martinez-Trujillo J, Treue S, Tsotsos J, Fallah M. 2018. Feature-based attention causes a ring-like modulation of motion direction tuning curves in areas MT and MST of macaques. J. Vis. 18:970
     [Google Scholar]
140. Yuste R. 2015. From the neuron doctrine to neural networks. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 16:487–97
     [Google Scholar]
141. Zaksas D, Pasternak T. 2006. Directional signals in the prefrontal cortex and in area MT during a working memory for visual motion task. J. Neurosci. 26:11726–42
     [Google Scholar]
142. Zhang X, Mlynaryk N, Ahmed S, Japee S, Ungerleider LG. 2018. The role of inferior frontal junction in controlling the spatially global effect of feature-based attention in human visual areas. PLOS Biol. 16:e2005399
     [Google Scholar]
143. Zhou H, Desimone R. 2011. Feature-based attention in the frontal eye field and area V4 during visual search. Neuron 70:1205–17
     [Google Scholar]
144. Zohary E, Shadlen MN, Newsome WT. 1994. Correlated neuronal discharge rate and its implications for psychophysical performance. Nature 370:6485140–43
     [Google Scholar]