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Annual Review of Marine Science

Volume 7, 2015

Whale-Fall Ecosystems: Recent Insights into Ecology, Paleoecology, and Evolution

Abstract

Whale falls produce remarkable organic- and sulfide-rich habitat islands at the seafloor. The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in studies of modern and fossil whale remains, yielding exciting new insights into whale-fall ecosystems. Giant body sizes and especially high bone-lipid content allow great-whale carcasses to support a sequence of heterotrophic and chemosynthetic microbial assemblages in the energy-poor deep sea. Deep-sea metazoan communities at whale falls pass through a series of overlapping successional stages that vary with carcass size, water depth, and environmental conditions. These metazoan communities contain many new species and evolutionary novelties, including bone-eating worms and snails and a diversity of grazers on sulfur bacteria. Molecular and paleoecological studies suggest that whale falls have served as hot spots of adaptive radiation for a specialized fauna; they have also provided evolutionary stepping stones for vent and seep mussels and could have facilitated speciation in other vent/seep taxa.

Keyword(s): chemosynthesis, ecological succession, Osedax, speciation, sulfate reduction, vent/seep faunas
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2015-01-03
2024-04-16
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Whale-Fall Ecosystems: Recent Insights into Ecology, Paleoecology, and Evolution
Annual Review of Marine Science 7, 571 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010213-135144
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-marine-010213-135144
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