Cladosporium fulvum Effectors: Weapons in the Arms Race with Tomato

Pierre J.G.M. de Wit

doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-011516-040249

Annual Review of Phytopathology

Volume 54, 2016

Review Article

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Cladosporium fulvum Effectors: Weapons in the Arms Race with Tomato

Pierre J.G.M. de Wit¹
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Affiliations: Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands; email: [email protected], [email protected]
Vol. 54:1-23 (Volume publication date August 2016) https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-011516-040249
First published as a Review in Advance on May 23, 2016
© Annual Reviews

Abstract

In this review, I recount my personal history. My drive to study host-pathogen interactions was to find alternatives for agrochemicals, which was triggered after reading the book “Silent Spring” by Rachel Carson. I reflect on my research at the Laboratory of Phytopathology at Wageningen University, where I have worked for my entire career on the interaction between Cladosporium fulvum and tomato, and related gene-for-gene pathosystems. I describe different methods used to identify and sequence avirulence (Avr) genes from the pathogen and resistance (R) genes from the host. The major genes involved in classical gene-for-gene interactions have now been identified, and breeders can produce plants with multiple R genes providing durable and environmentally safe protection against pathogens. In some cases, this might require the use of genetically modified plants when R genes cannot be introduced by classical breeding.

Keyword(s): (hemi)biotroph, arms race, autobiography, avirulence genes, Cf resistance genes, Cladosporium fulvum, Dothideomycetes, effector genes, extracellular pathogens, Solanum lycopersicum

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