1932
0
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Annual Review of Public Health
  4. Volume 40, 2019
  5. Article

Annual Review of Public Health

Volume 40, 2019

Environmental Exposures and Depression: Biological Mechanisms and Epidemiological Evidence

Abstract

Mental health and well-being are consistently influenced—directly or indirectly—by multiple environmental exposures. In this review, we have attempted to address some of the most common exposures of the biophysical environment, with a goal of demonstrating how those factors interact with central structures and functions of the brain and thus influence the neurobiology of depression. We emphasize biochemical mechanisms, observational evidence, and areas for future research. Finally, we include aspects of contextual environments—city living, nature, natural disasters, and climate change—and call for improved integration of environmental issues in public health science, policies, and activities. This integration is necessary for reducing the global pandemic of depression.

Keyword(s): climate change, environmental pollutants, green space, mood disorders, neuropsychiatry, neurotransmitters, urbanization
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-044106
2019-04-01
2024-04-20
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/publhealth/40/1/annurev-publhealth-040218-044106.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-044106&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. 1. 
    Aboul Ezz HS, Khadrawy YA, Ahmed NA, Radwan NM, El Bakry MM 2013. The effect of pulsed electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone on the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in four different areas of rat brain. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 17:1782–88
     [Google Scholar]
  2. 2. 
    Ahdoot S, Pacheco SE 2015. Global climate change and children's health. Pediatrics 136:e1468–84
     [Google Scholar]
  3. 3. 
    Albrecht G, Sartore GM, Connor L, Higginbotham N, Freeman S et al. 2007. Solastalgia: the distress caused by environmental change. Australas. Psychiatry 15:Suppl. 1S95–98
     [Google Scholar]
  4. 4. 
    Alcock I, White MP, Wheeler BW, Fleming LE, Depledge MH 2014. Longitudinal effects on mental health of moving to greener and less green urban areas. Environ. Sci. Technol. 48:1247–55
     [Google Scholar]
  5. 5. 
    Ando S, Kuwabara H, Araki T, Kanehara A, Tanaka S et al. 2017. Mental health problems in a community after the Great East Japan earthquake in 2011: a systematic review. Harv. Rev. Psychiatry 25:15–28
     [Google Scholar]
  6. 6. 
    Annerstedt M, Östergren P-O, Björk J, Grahn P, Skärbäck E, Währborg P 2012. Green qualities in the neighbourhood and mental health—results from a longitudinal cohort study in Southern Sweden. BMC Public Health 12:337
     [Google Scholar]
  7. 7. 
    Appleton AA, Jackson BP, Karagas M, Marsit CJ 2017. Prenatal exposure to neurotoxic metals is associated with increased placental glucocorticoid receptor DNA methylation. Epigenetics 12:607–15
     [Google Scholar]
  8. 8. 
    Babisch W 2002. The noise/stress concept, risk assessment and research needs. Noise Health 4:1–11
     [Google Scholar]
  9. 9. 
    Bai PY, Wittert G, Taylor AW, Martin SA, Milne RW et al. 2017. The association between total phthalate concentration and non-communicable diseases and chronic inflammation in South Australian urban dwelling men. Environ. Res. 158:366–72
     [Google Scholar]
  10. 10. 
    Barragán-Mejía MG, Castilla-Serna L, Calderón-Guzmán D, Hernández-Islas JL, Labra-Ruiz NA et al. 2002. Effect of nutritional status and ozone exposure on rat brain serotonin. Arch. Med. Res. 33:15–19
     [Google Scholar]
  11. 11. 
    Beard JD, Hoppin JA, Richards M, Alavanja MC, Blair A et al. 2013. Pesticide exposure and self-reported incident depression among wives in the Agricultural Health Study. Environ. Res. 126:31–42
     [Google Scholar]
  12. 12. 
    Beard JD, Umbach DM, Hoppin JA, Richards M, Alavanja MCR et al. 2014. Pesticide exposure and depression among male private pesticide applicators in the agricultural health study. Environ. Health Perspect. 122:984–91
     [Google Scholar]
  13. 13. 
    Berk M, Williams LJ, Andreazza AC, Pasco JA, Dodd S et al. 2014. Pop, heavy metal and the blues: secondary analysis of persistent organic pollutants (POP), heavy metals and depressive symptoms in the NHANES national epidemiological survey. BMJ Open 4:e005142
     [Google Scholar]
  14. 14. 
    Berry HL, Bowen K, Kjellstrom T 2010. Climate change and mental health: a causal pathways framework. Int. J. Public Health 55:123–32
     [Google Scholar]
  15. 15. 
    Beutel ME, Jünger C, Klein EM, Wild P, Lackner K et al. 2016. Noise annoyance is associated with depression and anxiety in the general population—the contribution of aircraft noise. PLOS ONE 11:e0155357
     [Google Scholar]
  16. 16. 
    Bird W, Epel E, Ickovics J, van den Bosch M 2018. Unifying mechanisms: nature deficiency and chronic stress and inflammation. See Ref 13140–48
  17. 17. 
    Bos I, Jacobs L, Nawrot TS, de Geus B, Torfs R et al. 2011. No exercise-induced increase in serum BDNF after cycling near a major traffic road. Neurosci. Lett. 500:129–32
     [Google Scholar]
  18. 18. 
    Bouchard MF, Bellinger DC, Weuve J, Matthews-Bellinger J, Gilman SE et al. 2009. Blood lead levels and major depressive disorder, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder in US young adults. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 66:1313–19
     [Google Scholar]
  19. 19. 
    Bratman GN, Hamilton JP, Daily GC 2012. The impacts of nature experience on human cognitive function and mental health. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1249:118–36
     [Google Scholar]
  20. 20. 
    Bratman GN, Hamilton JP, Hahn KS, Daily GC, Gross JJ 2015. Nature experience reduces rumination and subgenual prefrontal cortex activation. PNAS 112:8567–72
     [Google Scholar]
  21. 21. 
    Brenner B, Cheng D, Clark S, Camargo CA 2011. Positive association between altitude and suicide in 2584 U.S. counties. High Alt. Med. Biol. 12:31–35
     [Google Scholar]
  22. 22. 
    Caito S, Aschner M 2017. Developmental neurotoxicity of lead. Neurotoxicity of Metals M Aschner, LG Costa 3–12 Cham, Switz: Springer Int.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. 23. 
    Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Calderón-Garcidueñas A, Torres-Jardón R, Avila-Ramírez J, Kulesza RJ, Angiulli AD 2015. Air pollution and your brain: What do you need to know right now?. Prim. Health Care Res. Dev. 16:329–45
     [Google Scholar]
  24. 24. 
    Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Kavanaugh M, Block M, D'Angiulli A, Delgado-Chávez R et al. 2012. Neuroinflammation, hyperphosphorylated tau, diffuse amyloid plaques, and down-regulation of the cellular prion protein in air pollution exposed children and young adults. J. Alzheimer's Dis. 28:93–107
     [Google Scholar]
  25. 25. 
    Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Torres-Jardón R 2015. The impact of air pollutants on the brain. JAMA Psychiatry 72:529–30
     [Google Scholar]
  26. 26. 
    Campos É, dos Santos Pinto da Silva V, Sarpa Campos de Mello M, Barros Otero U 2016. Exposure to pesticides and mental disorders in a rural population of Southern Brazil. NeuroToxicology 56:7–16
     [Google Scholar]
  27. 27. 
    Cattani D, Cesconetto PA, Tavares MK, Parisotto EB, De Oliveira PA et al. 2017. Developmental exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide and depressive-like behavior in adult offspring: implication of glutamate excitotoxicity and oxidative stress. Toxicology 387:67–80
     [Google Scholar]
  28. 28. 
    Chen F, Zhou L, Bai Y, Zhou R, Chen L 2015. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity accounts for anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in rats perinatally exposed to bisphenol A. J. Biomed. Res. 29:250–58
     [Google Scholar]
  29. 29. 
    Cohen-Cline H, Turkheimer E, Duncan GE 2015. Access to green space, physical activity and mental health: a twin study. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 69:523–29
     [Google Scholar]
  30. 30. 
    Davidson RJ, Pizzagalli D, Nitschke JB, Putnam K 2002. Depression: perspectives from affective neuroscience. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 53:545–74
     [Google Scholar]
  31. 31. 
    Dorado-Martinez C, Paredes-Carbajal C, Mascher D, Borgonio-Pérez G, Rivas-Arancibia S 2001. Effects of different ozone doses on memory, motor activity and lipid peroxidation levels, in rats. Int. J. Neurosci. 108:149–61
     [Google Scholar]
  32. 32. 
    Dye C 2008. Health and urban living. Science 319:766–69
     [Google Scholar]
  33. 33. 
    Dzhambov A, Hartig T, Markevych I, Tilov B, Dimitrova D 2018. Urban residential greenspace and mental health in youth: different approaches to testing multiple pathways yield different conclusions. Environ. Res. 160:47–59
     [Google Scholar]
  34. 34. 
    Egorov AI, Griffin SM, Converse RR, Styles JN, Sams EA et al. 2017. Vegetated land cover near residence is associated with reduced allostatic load and improved biomarkers of neuroendocrine, metabolic and immune functions. Environ. Res. 158:508–21
     [Google Scholar]
  35. 35. 
    Ejaredar M, Lee Y, Roberts DJ, Sauve R, Dewey D 2017. Bisphenol A exposure and children's behavior: a systematic review. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 27:175–83
     [Google Scholar]
  36. 36. 
    Ellis NR, Albrecht GA 2017. Climate change threats to family farmers’ sense of place and mental wellbeing: a case study from the Western Australian Wheatbelt. Soc. Sci. Med. 175:161–68
     [Google Scholar]
  37. 37. 
    Evans GW, Bullinger M, Hygge S 1998. Chronic noise exposure and physiological response: a prospective study of children living under environmental stress. Psychol. Sci. 9:75–77
     [Google Scholar]
  38. 38. 
    Every-Palmer S, McBride S, Berry H, Menkes DB 2016. Climate change and psychiatry. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 50:16–18
     [Google Scholar]
  39. 39. 
    Fan Y, Tian C, Liu Q, Zhen X, Zhang H et al. 2018. Preconception paternal bisphenol A exposure induces sex-specific anxiety and depression behaviors in adult rats. PLOS ONE 13:e0192434
     [Google Scholar]
  40. 40. 
    Ferguson KK, McElrath TF, Chen YH, Mukherjee B, Meeker JD 2015. Urinary phthalate metabolites and biomarkers of oxidative stress in pregnant women: a repeated measures analysis. Environ. Health Perspect. 123:210–16
     [Google Scholar]
  41. 41. 
    Fernandez A, Black J, Jones M, Wilson L, Salvador-Carulla L et al. 2015. Flooding and mental health: a systematic mapping review. PLOS ONE 10:e0119929
     [Google Scholar]
  42. 42. 
    Fonken LK, Xu X, Weil ZM, Chen G, Sun Q et al. 2011. Air pollution impairs cognition, provokes depressive-like behaviors and alters hippocampal cytokine expression and morphology. Mol. Psychiatry 16:987–95
     [Google Scholar]
  43. 43. 
    Fountoulakis KN, Savopoulos C, Zannis P, Apostolopoulou M, Fountoukidis I et al. 2016. Climate change but not unemployment explains the changing suicidality in Thessaloniki Greece (2000–2012). J. Affect. Disord. 193:331–38
     [Google Scholar]
  44. 44. 
    Freire C, Koifman S 2013. Pesticides, depression and suicide: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 216:445–60
     [Google Scholar]
  45. 45. 
    Furlong MA, Barr DB, Wolff MS, Engel SM 2017. Prenatal exposure to pyrethroid pesticides and childhood behavior and executive functioning. NeuroToxicology 62:231–38
     [Google Scholar]
  46. 46. 
    Gascon M, Sánchez-Benavides G, Dadvand P, Martínez D, Gramunt N et al. 2018. Long-term exposure to residential green and blue spaces and anxiety and depression in adults: a cross-sectional study. Environ. Res. 162:231–39
     [Google Scholar]
  47. 47. 
    Golub NI, Winters PC, Van Wijngaarden E 2010. A population-based study of blood lead levels in relation to depression in the United States. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 83:771–77
     [Google Scholar]
  48. 48. 
    Gong Y, Palmer S, Gallacher J, Marsden T, Fone D 2016. A systematic review of the relationship between objective measurements of the urban environment and psychological distress. Environ. Int. 96:48–57
     [Google Scholar]
  49. 49. 
    González-Piña R, Paz C 1997. Brain monoamine changes in rats after short periods of ozone exposure. Neurochem. Res. 22:63–66
     [Google Scholar]
  50. 50. 
    Gulati S, Yadav A, Kumar N, Priya K, Aggarwal NK, Gupta R 2018. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antioxidant enzyme system in human population exposed to radiation from mobile towers. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 440:1–9
     [Google Scholar]
  51. 51. 
    Haddad L, Schäfer A, Streit F, Lederbogen F, Grimm O et al. 2015. Brain structure correlates of urban upbringing, an environmental risk factor for schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 41:115–22
     [Google Scholar]
  52. 52. 
    Hägerhäll CM, Laike T, Taylor RP, Küller M, Küller R, Martin TP 2008. Investigations of human EEG response to viewing fractal patterns. Perception 37:1488–94
     [Google Scholar]
  53. 53. 
    Hajszan T, Leranth C 2010. Bisphenol A interferes with synaptic remodeling. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 31:519–30
     [Google Scholar]
  54. 54. 
    Han C, Lim YH, Hong YC 2016. Does cadmium exposure contribute to depressive symptoms in the elderly population?. Occup. Environ. Med. 73:269–74
     [Google Scholar]
  55. 55. 
    Hancock PA, Vasmatzidis I 2003. Effects of heat stress on cognitive performance: the current state of knowledge. Int. J. Hyperthermia 19:355–72
     [Google Scholar]
  56. 56. 
    Helama S, Holopainen J, Partonen T 2013. Temperature-associated suicide mortality: contrasting roles of climatic warming and the suicide prevention program in Finland. Environ. Health Prev. Med. 18:349–55
     [Google Scholar]
  57. 57. 
    Hendryx M, Innes-Wimsatt KA 2013. Increased risk of depression for people living in coal mining areas of central Appalachia. Ecopsychology 5:179–87
     [Google Scholar]
  58. 58. 
    Holz NE, Laucht M, Meyer-Lindenberg A 2015. Recent advances in understanding the neurobiology of childhood socioeconomic disadvantage. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry 28:365–70
     [Google Scholar]
  59. 59. 
    Jaishankar M, Tseten T, Anbalagan N, Mathew BB, Beeregowda KN 2014. Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals. Interdiscip. Toxicol. 7:60–72
     [Google Scholar]
  60. 60. 
    Joung D, Kim G, Choi Y, Lim H, Park S et al. 2015. The prefrontal cortex activity and psychological effects of viewing forest landscapes in autumn season. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 12:7235–43
     [Google Scholar]
  61. 61. 
    Judge SJ, Savy CY, Campbell M, Dodds R, Gomes LK et al. 2016. Mechanism for the acute effects of organophosphate pesticides on the adult 5-HT system. Chem.-Biol. Interact. 245:82–89
     [Google Scholar]
  62. 62. 
    Kajta M, Wnuk A, Rzemieniec J, Litwa E, Lason W et al. 2017. Depressive-like effect of prenatal exposure to DDT involves global DNA hypomethylation and impairment of GPER1/ESR1 protein levels but not ESR2 and AHR/ARNT signaling. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 171:94–109
     [Google Scholar]
  63. 63. 
    Kajta M, Wójtowicz AK 2013. Impact of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on neural development and the onset of neurological disorders. Pharmacol. Rep. 65:1632–39
     [Google Scholar]
  64. 64. 
    Kern JK, Geier DA, Bjørklund G, King PG, Homme KG et al. 2014. Evidence supporting a link between dental amalgams and chronic illness, fatigue, depression, anxiety, and suicide. Neuroendocrinol. Lett. 35:537–52
     [Google Scholar]
  65. 65. 
    Kessler RC, Bromet EJ 2013. The epidemiology of depression across cultures. Annu. Rev. Public Health 34:119–38
     [Google Scholar]
  66. 66. 
    Kim HG, Kim TM, Park G, Lee TH, Oh MS 2013. Repeated heat exposure impairs nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in mice. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 36:1556–61
     [Google Scholar]
  67. 67. 
    Kitaoka K, Kitamura M, Aoi S, Shimizu N, Yoshizaki K 2013. Chronic exposure to an extremely low-frequency magnetic field induces depression-like behavior and corticosterone secretion without enhancement of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in mice. Bioelectromagnetics 34:43–51
     [Google Scholar]
  68. 68. 
    Koh SB, Kim TH, Min S, Lee K, Kang DR, Choi JR 2017. Exposure to pesticide as a risk factor for depression: a population-based longitudinal study in Korea. NeuroToxicology 62:181–85
     [Google Scholar]
  69. 69. 
    Kõlves K, Kõlves KE, De Leo D 2013. Natural disasters and suicidal behaviours: a systematic literature review. J. Affect. Disord. 146:1–14
     [Google Scholar]
  70. 70. 
    Kondo MC, Fluehr JM, McKeon T, Branas CC 2018. Urban green space and its impact on human health. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 15:445
     [Google Scholar]
  71. 71. 
    Kundakovic M, Gudsnuk K, Herbstman JB, Tang D, Perera FP, Champagne FA 2015. DNA methylation of BDNF as a biomarker of early-life adversity. PNAS 112:6807–13
     [Google Scholar]
  72. 72. 
    Lau T, Heimann F, Bartsch D, Schloss P, Weber T 2013. Nongenomic, glucocorticoid receptor-mediated regulation of serotonin transporter cell surface expression in embryonic stem cell derived serotonergic neurons. Neurosci. Lett. 554:115–20
     [Google Scholar]
  73. 73. 
    LeClair JA, Quig DW 2003. Hair lead and cadmium levels and specific depressive and anxiety-related symptomology in children. J. Orthomol. Med. 18:97–107
     [Google Scholar]
  74. 74. 
    Lederbogen F, Kirsch P, Haddad L, Streit F, Tost H et al. 2011. City living and urban upbringing affect neural social stress processing in humans. Nature 474:498–501
     [Google Scholar]
  75. 75. 
    Lee K-S, Lim Y-H, Kim K-N, Choi Y-H, Hong Y-C, Lee N 2018. Urinary phthalate metabolites concentrations and symptoms of depression in an elderly population. Sci. Total Environ. 625:1191–97
     [Google Scholar]
  76. 76. 
    Lee W, Moon M, Kim HG, Lee TH, Oh MS 2015. Heat stress-induced memory impairment is associated with neuroinflammation in mice. J. Neuroinflamm. 12:102
     [Google Scholar]
  77. 77. 
    Levin ED, Timofeeva OA, Yang L, Petro A, Ryde IT et al. 2010. Early postnatal parathion exposure in rats causes sex-selective cognitive impairment and neurotransmitter defects which emerge in aging. Behav. Brain Res. 208:319–27
     [Google Scholar]
  78. 78. 
    LoBello SG, Mehta S 2019. No evidence of seasonal variation in mild forms of depression. J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry 62:72–79
     [Google Scholar]
  79. 79. 
    Manalai P, Hamilton RG, Langenberg P, Kosisky SE, Lapidus M et al. 2012. Pollen-specific immunoglobulin E positivity is associated with worsening of depression scores in bipolar disorder patients during high pollen season. Bipolar Disord 14:90–98
     [Google Scholar]
  80. 80. 
    Manev R, Manev H 2004. 5-Lipoxygenase as a putative link between cardiovascular and psychiatric disorders. Crit. Rev. Neurobiol. 16:181–86
     [Google Scholar]
  81. 81. 
    March D, Hatch SL, Morgan C, Kirkbride JB, Bresnahan M et al. 2008. Psychosis and place. Epidemiol. Rev. 30:84–100
     [Google Scholar]
  82. 82. 
    Marshall GD 2004. Neuroendocrine mechanisms of immune dysregulation: applications to allergy and asthma. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 93:S11–17
     [Google Scholar]
  83. 83. 
    Marshall PS, O'Hara C, Steinberg P 2002. Effects of seasonal allergic rhinitis on fatigue levels and mood. Psychosom. Med. 64:684–91
     [Google Scholar]
  84. 84. 
    Martínez-Cengotitabengoa M, Carrascón L, O'Brien J, Díaz-Gutiérrez M-J, Bermúdez-Ampudia C et al. 2016. Peripheral inflammatory parameters in late-life depression: a systematic review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 17:2022
     [Google Scholar]
  85. 85. 
    McFarlane AC, Searle AK, Van Hooff M, Baghurst PA, Sawyer MG et al. 2013. Prospective associations between childhood low-level lead exposure and adult mental health problems: the Port Pirie cohort study. NeuroToxicology 39:11–17
     [Google Scholar]
  86. 86. 
    Meltzer HY 1987. Psychopharmacology: The Third Generation of Progress New York: Raven Press
  87. 87. 
    Méndez-Armenta M, Ríos C 2007. Cadmium neurotoxicity. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 23:350–58
     [Google Scholar]
  88. 88. 
    Meng Z, Qin G, Zhang B, Geng H, Bai Q et al. 2003. Oxidative damage of sulfur dioxide inhalation on lungs and hearts of mice. Environ. Res. 93:285–92
     [Google Scholar]
  89. 89. 
    Min KB, Kim HJ, Kim HJ, Min JY 2017. Parks and green areas and the risk for depression and suicidal indicators. Int. J. Public Health 62:647–56
     [Google Scholar]
  90. 90. 
    Musa R, Draman S, Jeffrey S, Jeffrey I, Abdullah N et al. 2014. Post tsunami psychological impact among survivors in Aceh and West Sumatra, Indonesia. Compr. Psychiatry 55:S13–16
     [Google Scholar]
  91. 91. 
    Mustieles V, Pérez-Lobato R, Olea N, Fernández MF 2015. Bisphenol A: human exposure and neurobehavior. NeuroToxicology 49:174–84
     [Google Scholar]
  92. 92. 
    Nichani V, Dirks K, Burns B, Bird A, Grant C 2017. Green space and depression during pregnancy: results from the Growing Up in New Zealand study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 14:1083
     [Google Scholar]
  93. 93. 
    Nishikawa M, Kumakura Y, Young SN, Fiset P, Vogelzangs N et al. 2005. Increasing blood oxygen increases an index of 5-HT synthesis in human brain as measured using α-[11C]methyl-L-tryptophan and positron emission tomography. Neurochem. Int. 47:556–64
     [Google Scholar]
  94. 94. 
    Orban E, McDonald K, Sutcliffe R, Hoffmann B, Fuks KB et al. 2016. Residential road traffic noise and high depressive symptoms after five years of follow-up: results from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study. Environ. Health Perspect. 124:578–85
     [Google Scholar]
  95. 95. 
    Pall ML 2016. Microwave frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) produce widespread neuropsychiatric effects including depression. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 75:43–51
     [Google Scholar]
  96. 96. 
    Pall ML 2018. Wi-Fi is an important threat to human health. Environ. Res. 164:405–16
     [Google Scholar]
  97. 97. 
    Park J, Chung S, Lee J, Sung JH, Cho SW, Sim CS 2017. Noise sensitivity, rather than noise level, predicts the non-auditory effects of noise in community samples: a population-based survey. BMC Public Health 17:315
     [Google Scholar]
  98. 98. 
    Parker G, Lie D, Siskind DJ, Martin-Khan M, Raphael B et al. 2016. Mental health implications for older adults after natural disasters—a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. Psychogeriatr. 28:11–20
     [Google Scholar]
  99. 99. 
    Patten SB, Williams JVA, Lavorato DH, Bulloch AGM, Fiest KM et al. 2017. Seasonal variation in major depressive episode prevalence in Canada. Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci. 26:169–76
     [Google Scholar]
  100. 100. 
    Peen J, Schoevers RA, Beekman AT, Dekker J 2010. The current status of urban-rural differences in psychiatric disorders. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 121:84–93
     [Google Scholar]
  101. 101. 
    Perera F, Nolte ELR, Wang Y, Margolis AE, Calafat AM et al. 2016. Bisphenol A exposure and symptoms of anxiety and depression among inner city children at 10–12 years of age. Environ. Res. 151:195–202
     [Google Scholar]
  102. 102. 
    Perera F, Vishnevetsky J, Herbstman JB, Calafat AM, Xiong W et al. 2012. Prenatal bisphenol A exposure and child behavior in an inner-city cohort. Environ. Health Perspect. 120:1190–94
     [Google Scholar]
  103. 103. 
    Peterson BS, Rauh VA, Bansal R, Hao X, Toth Z et al. 2015. Effects of prenatal exposure to air pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) on the development of brain white matter, cognition, and behavior in later childhood. JAMA Psychiatry 72:531–40
     [Google Scholar]
  104. 104. 
    Phillips KF, Deshpande LS 2016. Repeated low-dose organophosphate DFP exposure leads to the development of depression and cognitive impairment in a rat model of Gulf War Illness. NeuroToxicology 52:127–33
     [Google Scholar]
  105. 105. 
    Radua J, Borgwardt S, Crescini A, Mataix-Cols D, Meyer-Lindenberg A et al. 2012. Multimodal meta-analysis of structural and functional brain changes in first episode psychosis and the effects of antipsychotic medication. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 36:2325–33
     [Google Scholar]
  106. 106. 
    Ragguett RM, Cha DS, Subramaniapillai M, Carmona NE, Lee Y et al. 2017. Air pollution, aeroallergens and suicidality: a review of the effects of air pollution and aeroallergens on suicidal behavior and an exploration of possible mechanisms. Rev. Environ. Health 32:343–59
     [Google Scholar]
  107. 107. 
    Raison CL, Capuron L, Miller AH 2006. Cytokines sing the blues: inflammation and the pathogenesis of depression. Trends Immunol 27:24–31
     [Google Scholar]
  108. 108. 
    Rataj E, Kunzweiler K, Garthus-Niegel S 2016. Extreme weather events in developing countries and related injuries and mental health disorders—a systematic review. BMC Public Health 16:1020
     [Google Scholar]
  109. 109. 
    Rautio N, Filatova S, Lehtiniemi H, Miettunen J 2018. Living environment and its relationship to depressive mood: a systematic review. Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry 64:92–103
     [Google Scholar]
  110. 110. 
    Redmayne M, Smith E, Abramson MJ 2013. The relationship between adolescents' well-being and their wireless phone use: a cross-sectional study. Environ. Health 12:90
     [Google Scholar]
  111. 111. 
    Reeves GM, Tonelli LH, Anthony BJ, Postolache TT 2007. Precipitants of adolescent suicide: possible interaction between allergic inflammation and alcohol intake. Int. J. Adolesc. Med. Health 19:37–43
     [Google Scholar]
  112. 112. 
    Ribeiro-Varandas E, Pereira HS, Viegas W, Delgado M 2016. Bisphenol A alters transcript levels of biomarker genes for major depressive disorder in vascular endothelial cells and colon cancer cells. Chemosphere 153:75–77
     [Google Scholar]
  113. 113. 
    Rook GAW, Lowry CA, Raison CL 2015. Hygiene and other early childhood influences on the subsequent function of the immune system. Brain Res 1617:47–62
     [Google Scholar]
  114. 114. 
    Rowdhwal SSS, Chen J 2018. Toxic effects of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate: an overview. BioMed. Res. Int. 2018:1750368
     [Google Scholar]
  115. 115. 
    Sarkar C, Webster C, Gallacher J 2018. Residential greenness and prevalence of major depressive disorders: a cross-sectional, observational, associational study of 94 879 adult UK Biobank participants. Lancet Planet. Health 2:e162–73
     [Google Scholar]
  116. 116. 
    Schmaal L, Hibar DP, Sämann PG, Hall GB, Baune BT et al. 2017. Cortical abnormalities in adults and adolescents with major depression based on brain scans from 20 cohorts worldwide in the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder Working Group. Mol. Psychiatry 22:900–9
     [Google Scholar]
  117. 117. 
    Seidler A, Hegewald J, Seidler AL, Schubert M, Wagner M et al. 2017. Association between aircraft, road and railway traffic noise and depression in a large case-control study based on secondary data. Environ. Res. 152:263–71
     [Google Scholar]
  118. 118. 
    Shiue I 2015. Urinary heavy metals, phthalates and polyaromatic hydrocarbons independent of health events are associated with adult depression: USA NHANES, 2011–2012. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 22:17095–103
     [Google Scholar]
  119. 119. 
    Shukitt BL, Banderet LE 1988. Mood states at 1600 and 4300 meters terrestrial altitude. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 59:530–32
     [Google Scholar]
  120. 120. 
    Shultz JM, Rechkemmer A, Rai A, McManus KT 2018. Public health and mental health implications of environmentally induced forced migration. Disaster Med. Public Health Prep. 28:1–7
     [Google Scholar]
  121. 121. 
    Slavich GM, Irwin MR 2014. From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: a social signal transduction theory of depression. Psychol. Bull. 140:774–815
     [Google Scholar]
  122. 122. 
    Sram RJ, Veleminsky M, Veleminsky M, Stejskalová J 2017. The impact of air pollution to central nervous system in children and adults. Neuro Endocrinol. Lett 38:389–96
     [Google Scholar]
  123. 123. 
    Stewart JC, Rand KL, Muldoon MF, Kamarck TW 2009. A prospective evaluation of the directionality of the depression-inflammation relationship. Brain Behav. Immun. 23:936–44
     [Google Scholar]
  124. 124. 
    Stone EA, Lin Y, Rosengarten H, Kramer HK, Quartermain D 2003. Emerging evidence for a central epinephrine-innervated α1-adrenergic system that regulates behavioral activation and is impaired in depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 28:1387–99
     [Google Scholar]
  125. 125. 
    Stuart MJ, Baune BT 2012. Depression and type 2 diabetes: inflammatory mechanisms of a psychoneuroendocrine co-morbidity. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 36:658–76
     [Google Scholar]
  126. 126. 
    Sygna K, Aasvang GM, Aamodt G, Oftedal B, Krog NH 2014. Road traffic noise, sleep and mental health. Environ. Res. 131:17–24
     [Google Scholar]
  127. 127. 
    Tallon LA, Manjourides J, Pun VC, Salhi C, Suh H 2017. Cognitive impacts of ambient air pollution in the National Social Health and Aging Project (NSHAP) cohort. Environ. Int. 104:102–9
     [Google Scholar]
  128. 128. 
    Tost H, Champagne FA, Meyer-Lindenberg A 2015. Environmental influence in the brain, human welfare and mental health. Nat. Neurosci. 18:1421–31
     [Google Scholar]
  129. 129. 
    Trikojat K, Luksch H, Rösen-Wolff A, Plessow F, Schmitt J, Buske-Kirschbaum A 2017. “Allergic mood”—depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and their association to inflammatory, endocrine, and allergic markers. Brain Behav. Immun. 65:202–9
     [Google Scholar]
  130. 130. 
    Uchida S, Yamagata H, Seki T, Watanabe Y 2018. Epigenetic mechanisms of major depression: targeting neuronal plasticity. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 72:212–27
     [Google Scholar]
  131. 131. 
    van den Bosch M, Bird W 2018. Oxford Textbook of Nature and Public Health. The Role of Nature in Improving the Health of a Population Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press
  132. 132. 
    Veronesi B, Makwana O, Pooler M, Chen LC 2005. Effects of subchronic exposures to concentrated ambient particles. VII. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Apo E−/− mice. Inhal. Toxicol. 17:235–41
     [Google Scholar]
  133. 133. 
    Vos T, Barber RM, Bell B, Bertozzi-Villa A, Biryukov S et al. 2015. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 386:743–800
     [Google Scholar]
  134. 134. 
    Wang H, Zhang X 2017. Magnetic fields and reactive oxygen species. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 18:2175
     [Google Scholar]
  135. 135. 
    Wang Y, Eliot MN, Koutrakis P, Gryparis A, Schwartz JD et al. 2014. Ambient air pollution and depressive symptoms in older adults: results from the MOBILIZE Boston study. Environ. Health Perspect. 122:553–58
     [Google Scholar]
  136. 136. 
    Waye KP, Bengtsson J, Rylander R, Hucklebridge F, Evans P, Clow A 2002. Low frequency noise enhances cortisol among noise sensitive subjects during work performance. Life Sci 70:745–58
     [Google Scholar]
  137. 137. 
    Weisskopf MG, Moisan F, Tzourio C, Rathouz PJ, Elbaz A 2013. Pesticide exposure and depression among agricultural workers in France. Am. J. Epidemiol. 178:1051–58
     [Google Scholar]
  138. 138. 
    Woo J, Tang N, Suen E, Leung J, Wong M 2009. Green space, psychological restoration, and telomere length. Lancet 373:299–300
     [Google Scholar]
  139. 139. 
    Wray NR, Ripke S, Mattheisen M, Trzaskowski M, Byrne EM et al. 2018. Genome-wide association analyses identify 44 risk variants and refine the genetic architecture of major depression. Nat. Genet. 50:668–81
     [Google Scholar]
  140. 140. 
    Xu X, Dong F, Yang Y, Wang Y, Wang R, Shen X 2015. Sex-specific effects of long-term exposure to bisphenol-A on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in adult mice. Chemosphere 120:258–66
     [Google Scholar]
  141. 141. 
    Xu X, Hong X, Xie L, Li T, Yang Y et al. 2012. Gestational and lactational exposure to bisphenol-A affects anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice. Horm. Behav. 62:480–90
     [Google Scholar]
  142. 142. 
    Xu X, Yang Y, Wang R, Wang Y, Ruan Q, Lu Y 2015. Perinatal exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate affects anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice. Chemosphere 124:22–31
     [Google Scholar]
  143. 143. 
    Younan D, Tuvblad C, Franklin M, Lurmann F, Li L et al. 2017. Longitudinal analysis of particulate air pollutants and adolescent delinquent behavior in Southern California. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 46:1283–93
     [Google Scholar]
  144. 144. 
    Zhao T, Markevych I, Romanos M, Nowak D, Heinrich J 2018. Ambient ozone exposure and mental health: a systematic review of epidemiological studies. Environ. Res. 165:459–72
     [Google Scholar]
  145. 145. 
    Zijlema WL, Wolf K, Emeny R, Ladwig KH, Peters A et al. 2016. The association of air pollution and depressed mood in 70,928 individuals from four European cohorts. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 219:212–19
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-044106
Loading
Environmental Exposures and Depression: Biological Mechanisms and Epidemiological Evidence
Annual Review of Public Health 40, 239 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-044106
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-044106
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-044106
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplemental Material

Supplementary Data

  • Article Type: Review Article

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error