Immigrant Organizations

Literature Cited

1. Abrego LJ, Negrón-Gonzales G, eds. 2020. We Are Not Dreamers: Undocumented Scholars Theorize Undocumented Life in the United States Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press
2. Adamson FB, Demetriou M. 2007. Remapping the boundaries of state and national identity: incorporating diasporas into IR theorizing. Eur. J. Int. Relat. 13:4489–526
   [Google Scholar]
3. Alba R, Nee V 2003. Remaking the American Mainstream: Assimilation and Contemporary Immigration Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press
4. Ameeriar L. 2017. Downwardly Global: Women, Work, and Citizenship in the Pakistani Diaspora Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press
5. Bada X. 2014. Mexican Hometown Associations in Chicagoacán: From Local to Transnational Civic Engagement New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers Univ. Press
6. Bakalian A, Bozorgmehr M. 2009. Backlash 9/11: Middle Eastern and Muslim Americans Respond Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press
7. Basch LG. 1989. The politics of Caribbeanization: Vicentians and Grenadians in New York. Cent. Migr. Stud. Spec Issues 7:1147–66
   [Google Scholar]
8. Bloemraad I. 2005. The limits of de Tocqueville: how government facilitates organisational capacity in newcomer communities. J. Ethn. Migr. Stud 31:5865–87
   [Google Scholar]
9. Bloemraad I. 2006. Becoming a citizen in the United States and Canada: structured mobilization and immigrant political incorporation. Soc. Forces 85:667–95
   [Google Scholar]
10. Bloemraad I. 2007. Unity in diversity? Bridging models of multiculturalism and immigrant integration. Du Bois Rev 4:2317–36
    [Google Scholar]
11. Bloemraad I, de Graauw E, Gleeson S 2020. Immigrant organizations: civic voice, civic (in)equality, and civic (in)visibility. The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook WW Powell, P Bromley 292–313 Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press. , 3rd ed..
    [Google Scholar]
12. Bloemraad I, Voss K. 2020. Movement or moment? Lessons from the pro-immigrant movement in the United States and contemporary challenges. J. Ethn. Migr. Stud 46:4683–704
    [Google Scholar]
13. Boccagni P, Lafleur JM, Levitt P. 2015. Transnational politics as cultural circulation: toward a conceptual understanding of migrant political participation on the move. Mobilities 11:444–63
    [Google Scholar]
14. Breton R. 1964. Institutional completeness of ethnic communities and the personal relations of immigrants. Am. J. Sociol. 70:2193–205
    [Google Scholar]
15. Brinkerhoff JM, Johnson JM, Gudelis D 2019. Are our assumptions about diaspora and immigrant philanthropy generalizable? Exploring the relevance to high-income countries of origin. Nonprofit Volunt. Sect. Q. 48:51094–109
    [Google Scholar]
16. Burciaga EM, Martinez LM. 2017. How do political contexts shape undocumented youth movements? Evidence from three immigrant destinations. Mobilization 22:4451–71
    [Google Scholar]
17. Chaudhary AR. 2018a. Organizing transnationalism and belonging among Pakistani immigrants in London and New York. Migr. Stud. 6:3420–47
    [Google Scholar]
18. Chaudhary AR. 2018b. Voting here and there: political integration and transnational political engagement among immigrants in Europe. Glob. Netw. 18:3437–60
    [Google Scholar]
19. Chaudhary AR. 2021. Ascriptive organizational stigma and the constraining of Pakistani immigrant organizations. Int. Migr. Rev. 55:184–107
    [Google Scholar]
20. Chaudhary AR, Guarnizo LE. 2016. Pakistani immigrant organisational spaces in Toronto and New York City. J. Ethn. Migr. Stud. 42:61013–35
    [Google Scholar]
21. Chaudhary AR, Moss DM. 2019. Suppressing transnationalism: bringing constraints into the study of transnational political action. Comp. Migr. Stud. 7:9
    [Google Scholar]
22. Chen MH. 2020. Pursuing Citizenship in the Enforcement Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press
23. Chen MH, New Z. 2018. Silence and the second wall. South. Calif. Interdiscip. Law J. 28:549
    [Google Scholar]
24. Chun JJ. 2016. Building political agency and movement leadership: the grassroots organizing model of Asian immigrant women advocates. Citizsh. Stud. 20:3–4379–95
    [Google Scholar]
25. Coutin SB, Ashar SM, Chacón JM, Lee S. 2017. Deferred action and the discretionary state: migration, precarity and resistance. Citizsh. Stud. 21:8951–68
    [Google Scholar]
26. Dahl RA. 1961. Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press
27. Darrow JH, Scholl JH. 2020. Chaos and confusion: impacts of the Trump administration executive orders on the US refugee resettlement system. Hum. Serv. Organ. 44:362–80
    [Google Scholar]
28. de Graauw E. 2016. Making Immigrant Rights Real: Nonprofits and the Politics of Integration in San Francisco Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press
29. de Graauw E, Gleeson S 2017. Context, coalitions and organizing: immigrant labor rights advocacy in San Francisco and Houston. The City Is the Factory: New Solidarities and Spatial Strategies in an Urban Age M Greenberg, P Lewis 80–98 Berlin: de Gruyter
    [Google Scholar]
30. de Graauw E, Gleeson S. 2018. Immigrant rights funding in peril: closing down access routes to the American dream. New Labor Forum 27:358–63
    [Google Scholar]
31. de Graauw E, Gleeson S, Bloemraad I. 2013. Funding immigrant organizations: suburban free riding and local civic presence. Am. J. Sociol. 119:175–130
    [Google Scholar]
32. de Haas H. 2010. Migration and development: a theoretical perspective. Int. Migr. Rev. 44:1227–64
    [Google Scholar]
33. Délano A, Gamlen A. 2014. Comparing and theorizing state-diaspora relations. Political Geogr 41:July43–53
    [Google Scholar]
34. Eby J, Iverson E, Smyers J, Kekic E. 2011. The faith community's role in refugee resettlement in the United States. J. Refugee Stud. 24:3586–605
    [Google Scholar]
35. Eckstein SE. 2022. Cuban Privilege: The Making of Immigrant Inequality in America Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
36. Ehrkamp P, Nagel C. 2014.. “ Under the Radar”: undocumented immigrants, Christian faith communities, and the precarious spaces of welcome in the U.S. South. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr 104:2319–28
    [Google Scholar]
37. Erdal MB, Oeppen C. 2013. Migrant balancing acts: understanding the interactions between integration and transnationalism. J. Ethn. Migr. Stud. 39:6867–84
    [Google Scholar]
38. Escudero K. 2020. Organizing While Undocumented: Immigrant Youth's Political Activism Under the Law New York: NYU Press
39. Espiritu YL. 1992. Asian American Panethnicity: Bridging Institutions and Identities Philadelphia: Temple Univ. Press
40. Faist T. 2008. Migrants as transnational development agents: an inquiry into the newest round of the migration-development nexus. Popul. Space Place 14:121–42
    [Google Scholar]
41. Fantasia R, Voss K. 2004. Hard Work: Remaking the American Labor Movement Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press
42. Fox J, Bada X. 2008. Migrant organization and hometown impacts in rural Mexico. J. Agrar. Change 8:2–3435–61
    [Google Scholar]
43. Gilliom J. 2001. Overseers of the Poor: Surveillance, Resistance, and the Limits of Privacy Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
44. Glazer N, Moynihan DP. 1963. Beyond the Melting Pot: The Negroes, Puerto Ricans, Jews, Italians, and Irish of New York City Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
45. Godin M, Herman B, Rea A, Thys R 2015. Moroccan and Congolese migrant organizations in Belgium. The State and the Grassroots: Immigrant Transnational Organizations in Four Continents, eds. A Portes, P Fernandez-Kelly 189–211 New York: Berghahn
    [Google Scholar]
46. Goldring L. 2002. The Mexican state and transmigrant organizations: negotiating the boundaries of membership and participation. Latin Am. Res. Rev55–99
    [Google Scholar]
47. Gonzales A. 2013. Reform Without Justice: Latino Migrant Politics and the Homeland Security State Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press
48. Gordon MM. 1964. Assimilation in American Life: The Role of Race, Religion, and National Origins Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press
49. Guarnizo LE. 2003. The economics of transnational living. Int. Migr. Rev. 37:3666–99
    [Google Scholar]
50. Guarnizo LE, Portes A, Haller W 2003. Assimilation and transnationalism: determinants of transnational political action among contemporary migrants. Am. J. Sociol. 108:61211–48
    [Google Scholar]
51. Guevarra AR. 2009. Marketing Dreams, Manufacturing Heroes: The Transnational Labor Brokering of Filipino Workers New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers Univ. Press
52. Hamlin R. 2008. Immigrants at work: labor unions and non-citizen members. Civic Hopes and Political Realities: Immigrants, Community Organizations, and Political Engagement SK Ramakrishnan, I Bloemraad 300–22 New York: Russell Sage Found.
    [Google Scholar]
53. Hein J. 1997. Ethnic organizations and the welfare state: the impact of social welfare programs on the formation of Indochinese refugee associations. Sociol. Forum 12:2279–95
    [Google Scholar]
54. Heredia LL. 2008. Faith in Action: The Catholic Church and the Immigrant Rights Movement, 1980–2007 Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press
    [Google Scholar]
55. Hernández-León R. 2013. The migration industry: brokering mobility in the Mexico-U.S. migratory system Work. Pap., Dep. Sociol., Univ. Calif. Los Angeles:
56. Holman PA. 1996. Refugee resettlement in the United States. Refugees in America in the 1990s: A Reference Handbook DW Haines 3–27 Westport, CT: Praeger
    [Google Scholar]
57. Horton S. 2004. Different subjects: the health care system's participation in the differential construction of the cultural citizenship of Cuban refugees and Mexican immigrants. Med. Anthropol. Q. 18:4472–89
    [Google Scholar]
58. Itzigsohn J, Saucedo SG. 2002. Immigrant incorporation and sociocultural transnationalism. Int. Migr. Rev. 36:3766–98
    [Google Scholar]
59. Jalal A. 2014. The Struggle for Pakistan: A Muslim Homeland and Global Politics Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press
60. Johnson M. 2017. Support adult English language education to invest in future. Georgia Budget and Policy Institute Blog May 4. https://gbpi.org/support-adult-english-language-education-invest-future/
    [Google Scholar]
61. Jones-Correa M. 1998. Different paths: gender, immigration and political participation. Int. Migr. Rev. 32:2326–49
    [Google Scholar]
62. Kastoryano R, Schader M. 2014. A comparative view of ethnicity and political engagement. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 40:241–60
    [Google Scholar]
63. Keck ME, Sikkink K 1998. Transnational advocacy networks in the movement society. The Social Movement Society: Contentious Politics for a New Century DS Meyer, S Tarrow 217–38 Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield
    [Google Scholar]
64. Kibria N. 1997. The construction of “Asian American”: reflections on intermarriage and ethnic identity among second-generation Chinese and Korean Americans. Ethn. Racial Stud. 20:3523–44
    [Google Scholar]
65. Kibria N. 2000. Race, ethnic options, and ethnic binds: identity negotiations of second-generation Chinese and Korean Americans. Sociol. Perspect. 43:177–95
    [Google Scholar]
66. Kim JY. 2020a. How other minorities gained access: the War on Poverty and Asian American and Latino community organizing. Political Res. Q. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912920983456
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
67. Kim JY. 2020b. Racism is not enough: minority coalition building in San Francisco, Seattle, and Vancouver. Stud. Am. Political Dev. 34:2195–215
    [Google Scholar]
68. Koinova M. 2013. Four types of diaspora mobilization: Albanian diaspora activism for Kosovo independence in the US and the UK. Foreign Policy Anal 9:4433–53
    [Google Scholar]
69. Koopmans R, Statham P, Giugni M, Passy F 2005. Contested Citizenship: Immigration and Cultural Diversity in Europe Minneapolis: Univ. Minn. Press
70. Lacomba C. 2016. Mobilising abroad across ethnic lines: home-country politics and immigrant political engagement in comparative perspective. Ethnicities 16:186–110
    [Google Scholar]
71. Lacroix T. 2009. Transnationalism and development: the example of Moroccan migrant networks. J. Ethn. Migr. Stud. 35:101665–78
    [Google Scholar]
72. Lacroix T. 2015. Moroccans in France: their organizations and activities back home. The State and the Grassroots: Immigrant Transnational Organizations in Four Continents A Portes, P Fernandez-Kelly 212–35 New York: Berghahn
    [Google Scholar]
73. Lafleur JM. 2013. Transnational Politics and the State: The External Voting Rights of Diasporas New York: Routledge
74. Landolt P. 2008. The transnational geographies of immigrant politics: insights from a comparative study of migrant grassroots organizing. Sociol. Q. 49:153–77
    [Google Scholar]
75. Lee J, Zhou M. 2015. The Asian American Achievement Paradox New York: Russell Sage Found.
76. Legal Serv. Corp. 2020. Can LSC grantees represent undocumented immigrants? Rep., Legal Serv. Corp Washington, DC: https://www.lsc.gov/our-impact/publications/other-publications-and-reports/can-lsc-grantees-represent-undocumented
77. Levitt P. 2001. The Transnational Villagers Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press
78. Levitt P, Jaworsky BN. 2007. Transnational migration studies: past developments and future trends. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 33:129–56
    [Google Scholar]
79. Levitt P, Schiller NG. 2004. Conceptualizing simultaneity: a transnational social field perspective on society. Int. Migr. Rev. 38:31002–39
    [Google Scholar]
80. Lieberson S. 1980. A Piece of the Pie: Blacks and White Immigrants Since 1880 Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press
81. Lieberson S, Waters MC 1988. From Many Strands: Ethnic and Racial Groups in Contemporary America New York: Russell Sage Found.
82. Light DW. 2012. Categorical inequality, institutional ambivalence, and permanently failing institutions: the case of immigrants and barriers to health care in America. Ethn. Racial Stud. 35:123–39
    [Google Scholar]
83. Lopez D, Espiritu Y. 1990. Panethnicity in the United States: a theoretical framework. Ethn. Racial Stud. 13:2198–224
    [Google Scholar]
84. Luthra R, Soehl T, Waldinger R. 2018. Reconceptualizing context: a multilevel model of the context of reception and second-generation educational attainment. Int. Migr. Rev. 52:3898–928
    [Google Scholar]
85. Marinari M. 2020. Unwanted: Italian and Jewish Mobilization Against Restrictive Immigration Laws, 1882–1965 Chapel Hill: Univ. N. C. Press
86. Marrow HB. 2009. Immigrant bureaucratic incorporation: the dual roles of government policies and professional missions. Am. Sociol. Rev. 74:5756–76
    [Google Scholar]
87. Martin PL. 2017. Merchants of Labor: Recruiters and International Labor Migration Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press
88. Marwell NP. 2004. Privatizing the welfare state: nonprofit community-based organizations as political actors. Am. Sociol. Rev. 69:2265–91
    [Google Scholar]
89. Marwell NP, Gullickson A. 2013. Inequality in the spatial allocation of social services: government contracts to nonprofit organizations in New York City. Soc. Serv. Rev. 87:2319–53
    [Google Scholar]
90. Marwell NP, Morrissey SL. 2020. Organizations and the governance of urban poverty. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 46:233–50
    [Google Scholar]
91. Massey DS. 1981. Dimensions of the new immigration to the United States and the prospects for assimilation. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 7:57–85
    [Google Scholar]
92. Menjívar C. 2006. Liminal legality: Salvadoran and Guatemalan immigrants’ lives in the United States. Am. J. Sociol. 111:4999–1037
    [Google Scholar]
93. Meyer DS, Minkoff DC. 2004. Conceptualizing political opportunity. Social Forces 82:41457–92
    [Google Scholar]
94. Milkman R. 2020. Immigrant Labor and the New Precariat Hoboken, NJ: Wiley
95. Milkman R, Terriquez V. 2012.. “ We are the ones who are out in front”: women's leadership in the immigrant rights movement. Fem. Stud 38:3723–52
    [Google Scholar]
96. Minkoff D. 1995. Organizing for Equality New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers Univ. Press
97. Mora GC. 2014. Making Hispanics: How Activists, Bureaucrats and Media Constructed a New American Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
98. Morales L, Giugni M, eds. 2011. Social Capital, Political Participation and Migration in Europe Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan
99. Moya JC. 2005. Immigrants and associations: a global and historical perspective. J. Ethn. Migr. Stud 31:5833–64
    [Google Scholar]
100. Najam A. 2006. Portrait of a Giving Community: Philanthropy by the Pakistani-American Diaspora Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press
101. Natl. Acad. Sci. Eng. Med. 2015. The Integration of Immigrants into American Society Washington, DC: Natl. Acad. Press
102. Natl. Immigr. Law Cent. 2020. Update on access to health care for immigrants and their families Rep., Natl. Immigr. Law Cent Los Angeles: https://www.nilc.org/issues/health-care/update-on-access-to-health-care-for-immigrants-and-their-families/
103. Nawyn SJ. 2006. Faith, ethnicity, and culture in refugee resettlement. Am. Behav. Sci. 49:111509–27
     [Google Scholar]
104. Nicholls WJ. 2013. The DREAMers: How the Undocumented Youth Movement Transformed the Immigrant Rights Debate Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press
105. Nicholls WJ. 2019. The Immigrant Rights Movement: The Battle over National Citizenship Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press
106. Novak M. 1972. The Rise of the Unmeltable Ethnics New York: MacMillan
107. Okamoto D, Mora GC. 2014. Panethnicity. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 40:219–39
     [Google Scholar]
108. Okamoto DG. 2003. Toward a theory of panethnicity: explaining Asian American collective action. Am. Sociol. Rev. 68:6811–42
     [Google Scholar]
109. Okamoto DG. 2014. Redefining Race: Asian American Panethnicity and Shifting Ethnic Boundaries New York: Russell Sage Found.
110. Østergaard-Nielsen E. 2003. The politics of migrants’ transnational political practices. Int. Migr. Rev. 37:3760–86
     [Google Scholar]
111. Østergaard-Nielsen EK. 2001. Transnational political practices and the receiving state: Turks and Kurds in Germany and the Netherlands. Glob. Netw. 1:3261–82
     [Google Scholar]
112. Pallares A, Flores-González N. 2010. ¡Marcha! Latino Chicago and the Immigrant Rights Movement Champaign: Univ. Ill. Press
113. Pedraza S. 2007. Political Disaffection in Cuba's Revolution and Exodus Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
114. Portes A, Bach RL. 1985. Latin Journey Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press
115. Portes A, Escobar C, Arana R. 2008. Bridging the gap: transnational and ethnic organizations in the political incorporation of immigrants in the United States. Ethn. Racial Stud. 31:61056–90
     [Google Scholar]
116. Portes A, Escobar C, Radford AW. 2007. Immigrant transnational organizations and development: a comparative study. Int. Migr. Rev. 41:1242–81
     [Google Scholar]
117. Portes A, Fernandez-Kelly P. 2015. The State and the Grassroots: Immigrant Transnational Organizations in Four Continents New York: Berghahn
118. Portes A, Guarnizo LE, Landolt P. 2017. Commentary on the study of transnationalism: pitfalls and promise of an emergent research field. Ethn. Racial Stud. 40:91486–91
     [Google Scholar]
119. Portes A, Rumbaut RG. 2001. Legacies: The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press
120. Portes A, Zhou M. 1993. The new second generation: segmented assimilation and its variants. Ann. Am. Acad. Political Soc. Sci. 530:174–96
     [Google Scholar]
121. Ramakrishnan SK, Bloemraad I 2008. Introduction: civic and political inequalities. Civic Hopes and Political Realities: Immigrants, Community Organizations, and Political Engagement SK Ramakrishnan, I Bloemraad 1–42 New York: Russell Sage Found.
     [Google Scholar]
122. Robertson CB, Manta ID. 2020. Litigating citizenship. Vanderbilt Law Rev 73:3757
     [Google Scholar]
123. Rogers R. 2009. Political institutions and rainbow coalitions: immigrant-minority relations in New York and Hartford. Bringing Outsiders In: Transatlantic Perspectives on Immigrant Political Incorporation JL Hochschild, JH Mollenkopf 93–110 Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
124. Roth BJ, Gonzales RG, Lesniewski J 2015. Building a stronger safety net: local organizations and the challenges of serving immigrants in the suburbs. Hum. Serv. Organ. 39:4348–61
     [Google Scholar]
125. Schmitter BE. 1980. Immigrants and associations: their role in the socio-political process of immigrant worker integration in West Germany and Switzerland. Int. Migr. Rev. 14:2179–92
     [Google Scholar]
126. Schneider D. 2001. Naturalization and United States citizenship in two periods of mass migration: 1894–1930, 1965–2000. J. Am. Ethn. Hist. 21:150–82
     [Google Scholar]
127. Schrover DM, Vermeulen F. 2005. Immigrant organisations. J. Ethn. Migr. Stud. 31:5823–32
     [Google Scholar]
128. Soss J, Fording R, Schram SF. 2011. Disciplining the Poor: Neoliberal Paternalism and the Persistent Power of Race Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
129. Soysal YN. 1994. Limits of Citizenship: Migrants and Postnational Membership in Europe Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
130. Strolovitch DZ. 2008. Affirmative Advocacy: Race, Class, and Gender in Interest Group Politics Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
131. Sullivan R, Lee K 2008. Organizing immigrant women in America's sweatshops: lessons from the Los Angeles Garment Worker Center. Signs 33:3527–32
     [Google Scholar]
132. Terriquez V. 2011. Schools for democracy: labor union participation and Latino immigrant parents’ school-based civic engagement. Am. Sociol. Rev. 76:4581–601
     [Google Scholar]
133. Terriquez V. 2015. Intersectional mobilization, social movement spillover, and queer youth leadership in the immigrant rights movement. Soc. Probl. 62:3343–62
     [Google Scholar]
134. Terriquez V, Villegas R, Villalobos R, Xu J. 2020. The political socialization of Latinx youth in a conservative political context. J. Appl. Dev. Psychol. 70:101188
     [Google Scholar]
135. Thomas WI, Znaniecki F. 1984. The Polish Peasant in Europe and America Urbana: Univ. Ill. Press
136. Trouille D. 2021. Fútbol in the Park: Immigrants, Soccer, and the Creation of Social Ties Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
137. Tsutsui K. 2017. Human rights and minority activism in Japan: transformation of movement actorhood and local-global feedback loop. Am. J. Sociol. 122:41050–103
     [Google Scholar]
138. Verduzco Reyes D 2018. Learning to Be Latino: How Colleges Shape Identity Politics New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers Univ. Press
139. Vermeulen F. 2013. Mutualism, resource competition and opposing movements among Turkish organizations in Amsterdam and Berlin, 1965–2000. Br. J. Sociol. 64:3453–77
     [Google Scholar]
140. Vermeulen F, Minkoff DC, Meer T. 2016. The local embedding of community-based organizations. Nonprofit Volunt. Sect. Q. 45:123–44
     [Google Scholar]
141. Vermeulen F, Tillie J, Walle R 2012. Different effects of ethnic diversity on social capital: density of foundations and leisure associations in Amsterdam neighbourhoods. Urban Stud 49:2337–52
     [Google Scholar]
142. Vonderlack-Navarro R. 2014. Immigrant Political Incorporation: The Role of Hometown Associations El Paso, TX: LFB Sch. Publ.
143. Voss K, Bloemraad I, eds. 2011. Rallying for Immigrant Rights: The Fight for Inclusion In 21st Century America Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press
144. Waldinger R. 2015. The Cross-Border Connection: Immigrants, Emigrants, and Their Homelands Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press
145. Watkins-Hayes C. 2009. The New Welfare Bureaucrats: Entanglements of Race, Class, and Policy Reform Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
146. Williams HP. 1912. The road to citizenship. Political Sci. Q. 27:3399–427
     [Google Scholar]
147. Wise RD, Ramírez HR. 2001. The emergence of collective migrants and their role in Mexico's local and regional development. Can. J. Dev. Stud./Rev. Can. Études Dév. 22:3747–64
     [Google Scholar]
148. Wong JS, Ramakrishnan SK, Lee T, Junn J, Wong J. 2011. Asian American Political Participation: Emerging Constituents and Their Political Identities New York: Russell Sage Found.
149. Wong K, Munoz CB. 2004. Don't miss the bus: the immigrant workers freedom ride. New Labor Forum 13:261–66
     [Google Scholar]
150. Woods RA, Kennedy AJ, eds. 1911. Handbook of Settlements New York: Charities Publ. Comm.
151. Zepeda-Millán C. 2017. Latino Mass Mobilization: Immigration, Racialization, and Activism Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
152. Zhou M, Lee R 2015. Traversing ancestral and new homelands: Chinese immigrant transnational organizations in the United States. The State and the Grassroots: Immigrant Transnational Organizations in Four Continents, A Portes, P Fernandez-Kelly 27–59 New York: Berghahn
     [Google Scholar]