1932
0
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Annual Review of Sociology
  4. Volume 45, 2019
  5. Article

Annual Review of Sociology

Volume 45, 2019

Causality and History: Modes of Causal Investigation in Historical Social Sciences

Abstract

Studies at the confluence of history and social science address issues of causation in three ways: morphological, variable-centered, and genetic. These approaches to causal investigation differ with regard to their modi operandi, the types of patterns they look for, their underlying assumptions and the challenges they face. Morphological inquiries elaborate causal arguments by uncovering patterns in the empirical layout of socio-historical phenomena. To this end, these inquiries draw on descriptive techniques of data formalization. Variable-centered studies engage causal issues by investigating patterns of association among empirical categories under the twofold assumption that these categories a priori have explanatory relevance and each category empirically has the same meaning across cases. Genetic analyses ground their causal claims by identifying patterned processes of emergence or production.

Keyword(s): causal inquiry, formal analysis, generative process, mechanism, morphology, process tracing, variable
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-soc-073117-041140
2019-07-30
2024-04-19
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/soc/45/1/annurev-soc-073117-041140.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-soc-073117-041140&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. Abbott A. 2001. Time Matters: On Theory and Method Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
  2. Abbott A, Hrycak A. 1990. Measuring resemblance in sequence data: an optimal matching analysis of musicians' careers. Am. J. Sociol. 96:1144–85
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Abbott A, Tsay A. 2000. Sequence analysis and optimal matching methods in sociology: review and prospect. Sociol. Methods Res. 29:13–33
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Abell P. 1987. The Syntax of Social Life: The Theory and Method of Comparative Narratives Oxford, UK: Clarendon
  5. Accominotti F, Khan SR, Storer A 2018. How cultural capital emerged in Gilded Age America: musical purification and cross-class inclusion at the New York Philharmonic. Am. J. Sociol. 123:61743–83
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Adams J. 2005. The Familial State: Ruling Families and Merchant Capitalism in Early Modern Europe Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press
  7. Adut A. 2005. A theory of scandal: Victorians, homosexuality, and the fall of Oscar Wilde. Am. J. Sociol. 111:1213–48
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Amenta E, Caren N, Olasky SJ 2005. Age for leisure? Political mediation and the impact of the pension movement on U.S. old-age policy. Am. Sociol. Rev. 70:516–38
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Amenta E, Poulsen JD. 1994. Where to begin: a survey of five approaches to selecting independent variables for qualitative comparative analysis. Sociol. Methods Res. 23:122–53
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Anderson E. 2013. Ideas in action: the politics of Prussian child labor reform, 1817–1839. Theory Soc 42:181–119
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Andreas J. 2009. Rise of the Red Engineers: The Cultural Revolution and the Origins of China's New Class Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press
  12. Andrews KT. 2004. Freedom Is a Constant Struggle: The Mississippi Civil Rights Movement and Its Legacy Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
  13. Andrews KT, Biggs M. 2006. The dynamics of protest diffusion: movement organizations, social networks, and news media in the 1960 sit-ins. Am. Sociol. Rev. 71:5752–77
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Ansell CK. 2001. Schism and Solidarity in Social Movements: The Politics of Labor in the French Third Republic Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  15. Babb S. 1996. “A true American system of finance”: frame resonance in the U.S. labor movement, 1866 to 1886. Am. Sociol. Rev. 61:61033–52
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Balian H, Bearman P. 2018. Pathways to violence: dynamics for the continuation of large-scale conflict. Sociol. Theory 36:2210–20
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Baller R, Richardson K. 2002. Social integration, imitation, and the geographic patterning of suicide. Am. Sociol. Rev. 67:6873–88
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Banerjee A, Iyer L. 2005. History, institutions, and economic performance: the legacy of colonial land tenure systems in India. Am. Econ. Rev. 95:41190–213
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Bargheer S. 2018. Moral Entanglements: Conserving Birds in Britain and Germany Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
  20. Barkey K. 2008. Empire of Difference: The Ottoman in Comparative Perspective Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  21. Barkey K, Van Rossem R 1997. Networks of contention: villages and regional structure in the seventeenth‐century Ottoman Empire. Am. J. Sociol. 102:51345–82
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Bates RH, Greif A, Levi M, Rosenthal JL, Weingast BR 1998. Analytic Narratives Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press
  23. Bearman P. 1993. Relations into Rhetorics: Local Elite Social Structure in Norfolk, England, 1540–1640 New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers Univ. Press
  24. Bearman P, Faris R, Moody J 1999. Blocking the future. Soc. Sci. Hist. 23:4501–33
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Beck C. 2014. Reflections on the revolutionary wave in 2011. Theory Soc 43:2197–223
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Beissinger M. 2002. Nationalist Mobilization and the Collapse of the Soviet State Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  27. Bensel RF. 2008. Passion and Preferences: William Jennings Bryan and the 1896 Democratic National Convention Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  28. Bhavnani R. 2006. Ethnic norms and interethnic violence: accounting for mass participation in the Rwandan genocide. J. Peace Res. 43:6651–69
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Biernacki R. 1995. The Fabrication of Labor: Germany and Britain, 1640–1914 Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press
  30. Biggs M. 2005. Strikes as forest fires: Chicago and Paris in the late nineteenth century. Am. J. Sociol. 110:61684–714
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Bison I. 2010. Lexicographic index: a new measurement of resemblance among sequences. The Sage Handbook of Innovation in Social Science Research Methods M Williams, WP Vogt 422–41 Los Angeles/London: Sage
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Blair-Loy M. 1999. Career patterns of executive women in finance: an optimal matching analysis. Am. J. Sociol. 104:51346–97
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Bloome D. 2014. Racial inequality trends and the intergenerational persistence of income and family structure. Am. Sociol. Rev. 79:61196–225
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Boix C. 2010. Electoral markets, party strategies, and proportional representation. Am. Political Sci. Rev. 104:2404–13
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Bourdieu P. 1988. Homo Academicus Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press
  36. Braithwaite A, Braithwaite J, Kucik J 2015. The conditioning effect of protest history on the emulation of nonviolent conflict. J. Peace Res. 52:6697–711
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Braun R. 2016. Religious minorities and resistance to genocide: the collective rescue of Jews in the Netherlands during the Holocaust. Am. Political Sci. Rev. 110:1127–47
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Breen R. 2000. Class inequality and social mobility in Northern Ireland, 1973 to 1996. Am. Sociol. Rev. 65:3392–406
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Brown C. 2000. The role of employers in split labor markets: an event-structure analysis of racial conflict and AFL organizing, 1917–1919. Soc. Forces 79:2653–81
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Brown C, Boswell T. 1995. Strikebreaking or solidarity in the Great Steel Strike of 1919: a split labor market, game-theoretic, and QCA analysis. Am. J. Sociol. 100:61479–519
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Brubaker R. 1992. Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press
  42. Brundage WF. 1993. Lynching in the New South: Georgia and Virginia, 1880–1930 Chicago: Univ. Ill. Press
  43. Capoccia G. 2005. Defending Democracy: Reactions to Extremism in Interwar Europe Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins Univ. Press
  44. Caporaso J. 1995. Research design, falsification, and the qualitative-quantitative divide. Am. Political Sci. Rev. 89:2457–60
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Caren N, Panofsky A. 2005. TQCA: a technique for adding temporality to qualitative comparative analysis. Sociol. Methods Res. 34:2147–72
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Carroll GR, Hannan MT. 2000. The Demography of Corporations and Industries Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press
  47. Carruthers BG. 1996. City of Capital: Politics and Markets in the English Financial Revolution Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press
  48. Cartwright N. 2007. Hunting Causes and Using Them: Approaches in Philosophy and Economics Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  49. Cederman L. 2005. Computational models of social forms: advancing generative process theory. Am. J. Sociol. 110:4864–93
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Charrad M. 2001. States and Women's Rights: The Making of Postcolonial Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press
  51. Chen AS. 2009. The Fifth Freedom: Jobs, Politics, and Civil Rights in the United States, 1941–1972 Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press
  52. Chibber V. 2003. Locked in Place: State-Building and Late Industrialization in India Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press
  53. Chong D. 1991. Collective Action and the Civil Rights Movement Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
  54. Clark S. 2016. Distributing Status: The Evolution of State Honours in Western Europe Montreal: McGill Univ. Press
  55. Clemens E. 1997. The People's Lobby: Organizational Innovation and the Rise of Interest Group Politics in the United States, 1890–1925 Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
  56. Collier D. 2014. Comment: QCA should set aside the algorithms. Sociol. Methodol. 44:1122–26
     [Google Scholar]
  57. Cusack T, Iversen T, Soskice D 2010. Coevolution of capitalism and political representation: the choice of electoral systems. Am. Political Sci. Rev. 104:2393–403
     [Google Scholar]
  58. Davenport C, Soule S, Armstrong D 2011. Protesting while black? The differential policing of American activism, 1960 to 1990. Am. Sociol. Rev. 76:1152–78
     [Google Scholar]
  59. de Leon C. 2015. The Origins of Right to Work: Antilabor Democracy in Nineteenth-Century Chicago Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press
  60. Dell M. 2010. The persistent effects of Peru's mining mita. . Econometrica 78:61863–903
     [Google Scholar]
  61. DellaVigna S. 2009. Psychology and economics: evidence from the field. J. Econ. Lit. 47:2315–72
     [Google Scholar]
  62. Deng Z, Treiman DJ. 1997. The impact of the cultural revolution on trends in educational attainment in the People's Republic of China. Am. J. Sociol. 103:2391–428
     [Google Scholar]
  63. Desai M. 2002. The relative autonomy of party practices: a counterfactual analysis of left party ascendancy in Kerala, India, 1934–1940. Am. J. Sociol. 108:3616–7
     [Google Scholar]
  64. Dixon M. 2008. Movements, countermovements and policy adoption: the case of right-to-work activism. Soc. Forces 87:1473–500
     [Google Scholar]
  65. Dobbin F. 1994. Forging Industrial Policy: The United States, Britain, and France in the Railway Age Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  66. Dobbin F, Sutton J. 1998. The strength of a weak state: the rights revolution and the rise of human resources management divisions. Am. J. Sociol. 104:2441–76
     [Google Scholar]
  67. Earl J, Soule S, McCarthy J 2003. Protest under fire? Explaining the policing of protest. Am. Sociol. Rev. 68:4581–606
     [Google Scholar]
  68. Ebbinghaus B, Visser J. 1999. When institutions matter: union growth and decline in western Europe, 1950–1995. Eur. Sociol. Rev. 15:2135–58
     [Google Scholar]
  69. Eidlin B. 2016. Why is there no labor party in the United States? Political articulation and the Canadian comparison, 1932 to 1948. Am. Sociol. Rev. 81:3488–516
     [Google Scholar]
  70. Ellingson S. 1995. Understanding the dialectic of discourse and collective action: public debate and rioting in Antebellum Cincinnati. Am. J. Sociol. 101:1100–44
     [Google Scholar]
  71. Elster J. 1998. A plea for mechanisms. Social Mechanisms: An Analytical Approach to Social Theory P Hedström, R Swedberg 45–73 Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  72. Emigh RJ. 2009. The Undevelopment of Capitalism: Sectors and Markets in Fifteenth-Century Tuscany Philadelphia: Temple Univ. Press
  73. Erikson E. 2014. Between Monopoly and Free Trade: The English East India Company, 1600–1757 Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press
  74. Erikson E, Bearman P. 2006. Malfeasance and the foundations for global trade: the structure of English trade in the East Indies, 1601–1833. Am. J. Sociol. 112:1195–230
     [Google Scholar]
  75. Ermakoff I. 1997. Prelates and princes: aristocratic marriages, Canon Law prohibitions and shifts in norms and patterns of domination in the Central Middle Ages. Am. Sociol. Rev. 62:405–22
     [Google Scholar]
  76. Ermakoff I. 2008. Ruling Oneself Out: A Theory of Collective Abdications Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press
  77. Ermakoff I. 2015. The structure of contingency. Am. J. Sociol. 121:164–125
     [Google Scholar]
  78. Ertman T. 1997. Birth of the Leviathan: Building States and Regimes in Medieval and Early Modern Europe Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  79. Fairbrother M. 2014. Economists, capitalists, and the making of globalization: North American free trade in comparative-historical perspective. Am. J. Sociol. 119:1324–79
     [Google Scholar]
  80. Fishman R, Lizardo O. 2013. How macro-historical change shapes cultural taste: legacies of democratization in Spain and Portugal. Am. Sociol. Rev. 78:2213–39
     [Google Scholar]
  81. Fiss PC, Marx A, Rihoux B 2014. Comment: getting QCA right. Sociol. Methodol. 44:195–100
     [Google Scholar]
  82. Fligstein N. 1990. The Transformation of Corporate Control Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press
  83. Foran J. 2005. Taking Power: On the Origins of Third World Revolutions Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  84. Fourcade M. 2009. Economists and Societies: Discipline and Profession in the United States, Britain, and France, 1890s to 1990s Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press
  85. Fourcade M. 2011. Cents and sensibility: economic valuation and the nature of “nature.”. Am. J. Sociol. 116:61721–77
     [Google Scholar]
  86. Fox C. 2010. Three worlds of relief: race, immigration, and public and private social welfare spending in American cities, 1929. Am. J. Sociol. 116:2453–502
     [Google Scholar]
  87. Franzosi RP. 1995. The Puzzle of Strikes: Class and State Strategies in Postwar Italy Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  88. Franzosi RP. 2010a. Quantitative Narrative Analysis Los Angeles/London: Sage
  89. Franzosi RP. 2010b. Sociology, narrative, and the quality versus quantity debate (Goethe versus Newton): Can computer-assisted story grammars help us understand the rise of Italian fascism (1919–1922)?. Theory Soc 39:6593–629
     [Google Scholar]
  90. Freeland R. 2001. The Struggle for Control of the Modern Corporation: Organizational Change at General Motors, 1924–1970 Cambridge, UK:: Cambridge Univ. Press
  91. Fujimura JH. 1996. Standardizing practices: a socio-history of experimental systems in classical genetic and virological cancer research, ca. 1920–1978. Hist. Philos. Life Sci. 18:13–54
     [Google Scholar]
  92. Gandhi J. 2008. Political Institutions Under Dictatorship Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  93. Gangl M. 2010. Causal inference in sociological research. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 36:21–47
     [Google Scholar]
  94. Geddes B. 2003. Paradigms and Sand Castles: Theory Building and Research Design in Comparative Politics Ann Arbor: Univ. Mich. Press
  95. George AL, Bennett A. 2005. Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
  96. Gerring J. 2007. Case Study Research: Principles and Practices Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  97. Gerteis J. 2007. Class and the Color Line: Interracial Class Coalition in the Knights of Labor and the Populist Movement Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press
  98. Geva D. 2015. Selective service, the gender-ordered family, and the rational informality of the American state. Am. J. Sociol. 121:1171–204
     [Google Scholar]
  99. Giuffre K. 1999. Sandpiles of opportunity: success in the art world. Soc. Forces 77:3815–32
     [Google Scholar]
  100. Glaeser A. 2011. Political Epistemics: The Secret Police, the Opposition and the End of East German Socialism Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
  101. Go J. 2008. American Empire and the Politics of Meaning: Elite Political Cultures in the Philippines and Puerto Rico During U.S. Colonialism Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press
  102. Göçek FM. 2015. Denial of Violence: Ottoman Past, Turkish Present, and Collective Violence against the Armenians, 1789–2009 Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press
  103. Goldberg CA. 2007. Citizens and Paupers: Relief, Rights, and Race, from the Freedmen's Bureau to Workfare Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
  104. Golden M. 1997. Heroic Defeats: The Politics of Job Loss Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  105. Goldstein A, Haveman H. 2013. Pulpit and press: denominational dynamics and the growth of religious magazines in Antebellum America. Am. Sociol. Rev. 78:5797–827
     [Google Scholar]
  106. Goldthorpe JH. 2007. On Sociology Critique and Program Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press. , 2nd ed..
  107. Goodwin J. 2001. No Other Way Out: States and Revolutionary Movements, 1945–1991 Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  108. Gorski PS. 2003. The Disciplinary Revolution: Calvinism and the Rise of the State in Early Modern Europe Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
  109. Gould RV. 1991. Multiple networks and mobilization in the Paris Commune, 1871. Am. Sociol. Rev. 56:6716–29
     [Google Scholar]
  110. Gould RV. 1996. Patron-client ties, state centralization, and the Whiskey Rebellion. Am. J. Sociol. 102:2400–29
     [Google Scholar]
  111. Gould RV. 2000. Revenge as sanction and solidarity display: an analysis of vendettas in nineteenth-century Corsica. Am. Sociol. Rev. 65:5682–704
     [Google Scholar]
  112. Greif A. 2006. Institutions and the Path to the Modern Economy: Lessons from Medieval Trade Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  113. Griffin LJ. 1993. Narrative, event-structure analysis, and causal interpretation in historical sociology. Am. J. Sociol. 98:51094–133
     [Google Scholar]
  114. Griffin LJ, Isaac LW. 1992. Recursive regression and the historical use of “time” in time-series analysis of historical process. Hist. Methods 25:4166–79
     [Google Scholar]
  115. Griffin LJ, Ragin CC. 1994. Some observations on formal methods of qualitative analysis. Sociol. Methods Res. 23:14–21
     [Google Scholar]
  116. Grigoryeva A, Ruef M. 2015. The historical demography of racial segregation. Am. Sociol. Rev. 80:4814–42
     [Google Scholar]
  117. Hagen R, Makovi K, Bearman P 2013. The influence of political dynamics on Southern lynch mob formation and lethality. Soc. Forces 92:2757–87
     [Google Scholar]
  118. Hall J. 1999. Cultures of Inquiry: From Epistemology to Discourse in Sociohistorical Research Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  119. Harré R, Secord PF. 1973. The Explanation of Social Behavior Totowa, NJ: Littlefield
  120. Haydu J. 2008. Citizen Employers: Business Communities and Labor in Cincinnati and San Francisco, 1870–1916 Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press
  121. Hechter M, Pfaff S, Underwood P 2016. Grievances and the genesis of rebellion: mutiny in the Royal Navy, 1740 to 1820. Am. Sociol. . Rev 81:1165–89
     [Google Scholar]
  122. Hedström P 1994. Contagious collectivities: on the spatial diffusion of Swedish trade unions, 1890–1940. Am. J. Sociol. 99:51157–79
     [Google Scholar]
  123. Hedström P, Sandell R, Stern C 2000. Mesolevel networks and the diffusion of social movements: the case of the Swedish Social Democratic Party. Am. J. Sociol. 106:1145–72
     [Google Scholar]
  124. Hedström P, Swedberg R. 1998. Social mechanisms: an introductory essay. Social Mechanisms: An Analytical Approach to Social Theory P Hedström, R Swedberg 1–31 Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  125. Hillmann H. 2008a. Localism and the limits of political brokerage: evidence from Revolutionary Vermont. Am. J. Sociol. 114:2287–331
     [Google Scholar]
  126. Hillmann H. 2008b. Mediation in multiple networks: elite mobilization before the English Civil War. Am. Sociol. Rev. 73:3426–54
     [Google Scholar]
  127. Hillmann H, Aven BL. 2011. Fragmented networks and entrepreneurship in late imperial Russia. Am. J. Sociol. 117:2484–538
     [Google Scholar]
  128. Holland P. 1986. Statistics and causal inference. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 81:396945–60
     [Google Scholar]
  129. Hug S. 2003. Selection bias in comparative research: the case of incomplete data sets. Political Anal 11:3255–74
     [Google Scholar]
  130. Hug S. 2013. Qualitative comparative analysis: how inductive use and measurement error lead to problematic inference. Political Anal 21:2252–65
     [Google Scholar]
  131. Hung H. 2011. Protest with Chinese Characteristics: Demonstrations, Riots, and Petitions in the Mid-Qing Dynasty New York: Columbia Univ. Press
  132. Isaac LW, McDonald S, Lukasik G 2006. Takin’ it from the streets: how the sixties mass movement revitalized unionization. Am. J. Sociol. 112:146–96
     [Google Scholar]
  133. Isaac LW, Street DA, Knapp SJ 1994. Analyzing historical contingency with formal methods: the case of the “relief explosion” and 1968. Sociol. Methods Res. 23:1114–41
     [Google Scholar]
  134. Jacobs AM. 2015. Process tracing the effects of ideas. Process Tracing: From Metaphor to Analytic Tool A Bennett, JT Checkel 41–73 Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  135. Jansen RS. 2017. Revolutionizing Repertoires: The Rise of Populist Mobilization in Peru Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
  136. Johnson V. 2007. What is organizational imprinting? Cultural entrepreneurship in the founding of the Paris Opera. Am. J. Sociol. 113:197–127
     [Google Scholar]
  137. Kalyvas S. 2006. The Logic of Violence in Civil War Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  138. Kaufman J. 1999. Three views of associationalism in 19th‐century America: an empirical examination. Am. J. Sociol. 104:51296–345
     [Google Scholar]
  139. Kim H, Pfaff S. 2012. Structure and dynamics of religious insurgency: students and the spread of the Reformation. Am. Sociol. Rev. 77:2188–215
     [Google Scholar]
  140. Kimeldorf H. 1999. Battling for American Labor: Wobblies, Craft Workers, and the Making of the Union Movement Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press
  141. King G, Keohane RO, Verba S 1994. Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press
  142. Kiser E, Linton A. 2002. The hinges of history: state-making and revolt in early modern France. Am. Sociol. Rev. 67:6889–910
     [Google Scholar]
  143. Koçak Ö, Carroll G. 2008. Growing church organizations in diverse U.S. communities, 1890–1926. Am. J. Sociol. 113:51272–315
     [Google Scholar]
  144. Kreuzer M. 2010. Historical knowledge and quantitative analysis: the case of the origins of proportional representation. Am. Political Sci. Rev. 104:2369–92
     [Google Scholar]
  145. Krippner GR. 2011. Capitalizing on Crisis: The Political Origins of the Rise of Finance Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press
  146. Kuran T. 1991. Now out of never: the element of surprise in the East European Revolution of 1989. World Politics 44:7–48
     [Google Scholar]
  147. Kurzman C. 2004. The Unthinkable Revolution in Iran Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press
  148. Kurzman C. 2008. Democracy Denied, 1905–1915: Intellectuals and the Fate of Democracy Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press
  149. Lachmann R. 2002. Capitalists in Spite of Themselves: Elite Conflict and European Transitions in Early Modern Europe Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press
  150. Lange M. 2009. Lineages of Despotism and Development: British Colonialism and State Power Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press
  151. Lieberson S. 1994. More on the uneasy case for using Mill-type methods in small-N comparative studies. Soc. Forces 72:41225–37 Erratum 1995. Soc. Forces 73:41654
     [Google Scholar]
  152. Lieberson S. 2004. Comments on the use and utility of QCA. Qual. Methods 2:213–14
     [Google Scholar]
  153. Lin K, Tomaskovic-Devey D. 2013. Financialization and U.S. income inequality, 1970–2008. Am. J. Sociol. 118:51284–329
     [Google Scholar]
  154. Lindenberg S. 1977. Individuelle Effekte, kollektive Phänomene und das Problem der Transformation. Probleme der Erklärung sozialen Verhaltens K Eichner, W Habermehl 46–84 Meisenheim, Ger.: Hain
     [Google Scholar]
  155. Little D. 1991. Varieties of Social Explanation: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Social Science Boulder, CO: Westview
  156. Lohmann S. 1994. The dynamics of informational cascades: the Monday demonstrations in Leipzig, East Germany, 1989–91. World Politics 47:42–101
     [Google Scholar]
  157. Loveman M. 2005. The modern state and the primitive accumulation of symbolic power. Am. J. Sociol. 110:61651–83
     [Google Scholar]
  158. Loveman M. 2014. National Colors: Racial Classification and the State in Latin America Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press
  159. Loveman M, Muniz JO. 2007. How Puerto Rico became white: boundary dynamics and intercensus racial reclassification. Am. Sociol. Rev. 72:6915–39
     [Google Scholar]
  160. Lucas SR. 2014. Rejoinder: taking heat and giving light—reflections on the early reception of “Qualitative Comparative Analysis in Critical Perspective.”. Sociol. Methodol. 44:1127–58
     [Google Scholar]
  161. Lucas SR, Szatrowski A. 2014. Qualitative comparative analysis in critical perspective. Sociol. Methodol. 44:11–79
     [Google Scholar]
  162. Luong PJ. 2002. Institutional Change and Political Continuity in Post-Soviet Central Asia: Power, Perceptions, and Pacts Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  163. Lustick I. 1996. History, historiography, and political science: multiple historical records and the problem of selection bias. Am. Political Sci. Rev. 90:3605–18
     [Google Scholar]
  164. MacKenzie D, Millo Y. 2003. Constructing a market, performing theory: the historical sociology of a financial derivatives exchange. Am. J. Sociol. 109:1107–45
     [Google Scholar]
  165. Maggetti M, Levi-Faur D. 2013. Dealing with errors in QCA. Political Res. Q. 66:1198–204
     [Google Scholar]
  166. Mahoney J. 2000. Path dependence in historical sociology. Theory Soc 29:4507–48
     [Google Scholar]
  167. Mahoney J, Goertz G. 2004. The possibility principle: choosing negative cases in comparative research. Am. Political Sci. Rev. 98:4653–69
     [Google Scholar]
  168. Manzo G. 2015. Data, generative models, and mechanisms: more on the principles of analytical sociology. Analytical Sociology: Actions and Networks G Manzo 4–52 Chichester, UK: Wiley
     [Google Scholar]
  169. Markoff J. 1996. The Abolition of Feudalism: Peasants, Lords, and Legislators in the French Revolution University Park: Pa. State Univ. Press
  170. McAdam D, Su Y. 2002. The war at home: antiwar protests and congressional voting, 1965 to 1973. Am. Sociol. Rev. 67:5696–721
     [Google Scholar]
  171. McCammon H, Chaudhuri S, Hewitt L, Muse C, Newman H et al. 2008. Becoming full citizens: the U.S. women's jury rights campaigns, the pace of reform, and strategic adaptation. Am. J. Sociol. 113:41104–47
     [Google Scholar]
  172. McLean PD. 2007. The Art of the Network: Strategic Interaction and Patronage in Renaissance Florence Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press
  173. McVeigh R, Cunningham D, Farrell J 2014. Political polarization as a social movement outcome: 1960s Klan activism and its enduring impact on political realignment in southern counties, 1960 to 2000. Am. Sociol. Rev. 79:61144–71
     [Google Scholar]
  174. Minkoff D. 1999. Bending with the wind: strategic change and adaptation by women's and racial minority organizations. Am. J. Sociol. 104:61666–1703
     [Google Scholar]
  175. Mitschele A. 2014. Identity and opportunity in early modern politics: how job vacancies induced witch persecutions in Scotland, 1563–1736. Analytical Sociology: Actions and Networks G Manzo 151–68 Chichester, UK: Wiley
     [Google Scholar]
  176. Møller J, Schmotz A, Skaaning S-E 2015. Economic crisis and democratic breakdown in the interwar years: a reassessment. Hist. Soc. Res. 40:301–18
     [Google Scholar]
  177. Møller J, Skaaning SE. 2018. The Ulysses principle: a criterial framework for reducing bias when enlisting the work of historians. Sociol. Methods Res. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124118769107
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  178. Montgomery J. 2011. The population dynamics of Black-White-Mulatto racial systems. Am. J. Sociol. 117:146–89
     [Google Scholar]
  179. Monroe BL, Colaresi MP, Quinn KM 2008. Fightin' words: lexical feature selection and evaluation for identifying the content of political conflict. Political Anal 16:4372–403
     [Google Scholar]
  180. Muller C. 2012. Northward migration and the rise of racial disparity in American incarceration, 1880–1950. Am. J. Sociol. 118:2281–326
     [Google Scholar]
  181. Myers DJ. 2000. The diffusion of collective violence: infectiousness, susceptibility, and mass media networks. Am. J. Sociol. 106:1173–208
     [Google Scholar]
  182. Myers D, Caniglia B. 2004. All the rioting that's fit to print: selection effects in national newspaper coverage of civil disorders, 1968–1969. Am. Sociol. Rev. 69:4519–43
     [Google Scholar]
  183. Noymer A, Garenne M. 2000. The 1918 influenza epidemic's effects on sex differentials in mortality in the United States. Popul. Dev. Rev. 26:3565–81
     [Google Scholar]
  184. Olzak S. 1992. The Dynamics of Ethnic Competition and Conflict Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press
  185. Opp KD, Gern C. 1993. Dissident groups, personal networks, and spontaneous cooperation: the East German revolution of 1989. Am. Sociol. Rev. 58:659–80
     [Google Scholar]
  186. Orloff AS, Skocpol T. 1984. Why not equal protection? Explaining the politics of public social spending in Britain, 1900–1911, and the United States, 1880s–1920. Am. Sociol. Rev. 49:6726–50
     [Google Scholar]
  187. Owens P. 2014. The collective dynamics of genocidal violence in Cambodia, 1975–1979. Soc. Sci. Hist. 38:3-4411–36
     [Google Scholar]
  188. Padgett J, Ansell C. 1993. Robust action and the rise of the Medici, 1400–1434. Am. J. Sociol. 98:61259–319
     [Google Scholar]
  189. Padgett JF, McLean PD. 2006. Organizational invention and elite transformation: the birth of partnership systems in Renaissance Florence. Am. J. Sociol. 111:51463–568
     [Google Scholar]
  190. Parigi P. 2012. The Rationalization of Miracles Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  191. Paschel TS. 2016. Becoming Black Political Subjects: Movements and Ethno-Racial Rights in Colombia and Brazil Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press
  192. Petersen RD. 2001. Resistance and Rebellion: Lessons from Eastern Europe Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  193. Petev I. 2013. The association of social class and lifestyles: persistence in American sociability, 1974 to 2010. Am. Sociol. Rev. 78:4633–61
     [Google Scholar]
  194. Pfaff S. 2006. Exit-Voice Dynamics and the Collapse of East Germany Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press
  195. Pierson P. 2004. Politics in Time: History, Institutions, and Social Analysis Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press
  196. Prasad M. 2006. The Politics of Free Markets: The Rise of Neoliberal Economic Policies in Britain, France, Germany, and the United States Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
  197. Prechel H, Morris T. 2010. The effects of organizational and political embeddedness on financial malfeasance in the largest U.S. corporations: dependence, incentives, and opportunities. Am. Sociol. Rev. 75:3331–54
     [Google Scholar]
  198. Przeworski A, Alvarez ME, Cheibub JA, Limongi F 2000. Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World, 1950–1990 Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  199. Przeworski A, Limongi F. 1993. Political regimes and economic growth. J. Econ. Perspect. 7:351–69
     [Google Scholar]
  200. Przeworski A, Sprague J. 1986. Paper Stones: A History of Electoral Socialism Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
  201. Ragin CC. 2008. Redesigning Social Inquiry: Fuzzy Sets and Beyond Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
  202. Ragin CC. 2014 (1987). The Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press
  203. Ragin CC. 2014. Comment: Lucas and Szatrowski in critical perspective. Sociol. Methodol. 44:180–94
     [Google Scholar]
  204. Raub W, Buskens V, van Assen MALM 2011. Micro-macro links and microfoundations in sociology. J. Math. Sociol. 35:1–25
     [Google Scholar]
  205. Reinert M. 1998. Mondes lexicaux et topoi dans l'approche Alceste. Mots chiffrés et déchiffrés: Mélanges offerts à Étienne Brunet S Mellet, M Vuillaume 289–303 Geneva: Slatkine
     [Google Scholar]
  206. Riley D. 2005. Civic associations and authoritarian regimes in interwar Europe: Italy and Spain in comparative perspective. Am. Sociol. Rev. 70:2288–310
     [Google Scholar]
  207. Rohwer G. 2011. Qualitative comparative analysis: a discussion of interpretations. Eur. Sociol. Rev. 27:6728–40
     [Google Scholar]
  208. Rule A, Cointet JP, Bearman PS 2015. Lexical shifts, substantive changes, and continuity in State of the Union discourse, 1790–2014. PNAS 112:3510837–44
     [Google Scholar]
  209. Sandell R. 2001. Organizational growth and ecological constraints: the growth of social movements in Sweden, 1881 to 1940. Am. Sociol. Rev. 66:5672–93
     [Google Scholar]
  210. Sapiro G. 2014. The French Writers’ War, 1940–1953 Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press
  211. Schneider CQ, Rohlfing I. 2016. Case studies nested in fuzzy-set QCA on sufficiency: formalizing case selection and causal inference. Sociol. Methods Res. 45:3526–68
     [Google Scholar]
  212. Schofer E. 2003. The global institutionalization of geological science, 1800 to 1990. Am. Sociol. Rev. 68:5730–59
     [Google Scholar]
  213. Schonhardt-Bailey C. 2006. From the Corn Laws to Free Trade: Interests, Ideas, and Institutions in Historical Perspective Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
  214. Seawright J. 2014. Comment: limited diversity and the unreliability of QCA. Sociol. Methodol. 44:1118–21
     [Google Scholar]
  215. Seidman GW. 1994. Manufacturing Militance: Workers' Movements in Brazil and South Africa, 1970–1985 Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press
  216. Sewell WH Jr. 2005. Logics of History: Social Theory and Social Transformation Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
  217. Skocpol T. 1992. Protecting Mothers and Soldiers: The Political Origins of Social Policy in the United States Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press
  218. Slater D. 2010. Ordering Power: Contentious Politics and Authoritarian Leviathans in Southeast Asia Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  219. Slez A, Martin JL. 2007. Political action and party formation in the United States Constitutional Convention. Am. Sociol. Rev. 72:142–67
     [Google Scholar]
  220. Smith C, Papachristos A. 2016. Trust thy crooked neighbor: multiplexity in Chicago organized crime networks. Am. Sociol. Rev. 81:4644–67
     [Google Scholar]
  221. Sohrabi N. 2002. Global waves, local actors: what the young Turks knew about other revolutions and why it mattered. Comp. Stud. Soc. Hist. 44:45–79
     [Google Scholar]
  222. Sohrabi N. 2013. Revolution and Constitutionalism in the Ottoman Empire and Iran Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  223. Somers M, Block F. 2005. From poverty to perversity: ideas, markets, and institutions over 200 years of welfare debate. Am. Sociol. Rev. 70:2260–87
     [Google Scholar]
  224. Song X, Campbell C, Lee J 2015. Ancestry matters: patrilineage growth and extinction. Am. Sociol. Rev. 80:3574–602
     [Google Scholar]
  225. Stasavage D. 2003. Public Debt and the Birth of the Democratic State: France and Great Britain 1688–1789 Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  226. Steinmetz G. 1993. Regulating the Social: The Welfare State and Social Politics in Imperial Germany Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press
  227. Steinmetz G. 2007. The Devil's Handwriting: Precoloniality and the German Colonial State in Qingdao, Samoa, and Southwest Africa Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
  228. Stepan-Norris J, Zeitlin M. 2002. Left Out: Reds and America's Industrial Unions Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  229. Stovel K. 2001. The structure of lynching in the Deep South, 1882–1930. Soc. Forces 79:3843–80
     [Google Scholar]
  230. Stovel K, Savage M, Bearman P 1996. Ascription into achievement: models of career systems at Lloyds Bank, 1890–1970. Am. J. Sociol. 102:2358–99
     [Google Scholar]
  231. Straus S. 2006. The Order of Genocide: Race, Power and War in Rwanda Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press
  232. Su Y. 2011. Collective Killings in Rural China During the Cultural Revolution Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  233. Svolik MW. 2012. The Politics of Authoritarian Rule Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  234. Swenson PA. 2002. Capitalists against Markets: The Making of Labor Markets and Welfare States in the United States and Sweden Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press
  235. Taylor M. 1988. Rationality and revolutionary collective action. Rationality and Revolution M Taylor 63–97 Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  236. Tolnay SE, Deane G, Beck E 1996. Vicarious violence: spatial effects on southern lynchings, 1890–1919. Am. J. Sociol. 102:3788–815
     [Google Scholar]
  237. Traugott M. 2002. Armies of the Poor: Determinants of Working-Class Participation in the Parisian Insurrection of June 1848 New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction
  238. Uzzi B, Spiro J. 2005. Collaboration and creativity: the small world problem. Am. J. Sociol. 111:2447–504
     [Google Scholar]
  239. van Doosselaere Q. 2009. Commercial Agreements and Social Dynamics in Medieval Genoa Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  240. Vicari S. 2010. Measuring collective action frames: a linguistic approach to frame analysis. Poetics 38:504–25
     [Google Scholar]
  241. Voas D, Crockett A, Olson DVA 2002. Religious pluralism and participation: why previous research is wrong. Am. Sociol. Rev. 67:2212–30
     [Google Scholar]
  242. Voss K. 1993. The Making of American Exceptionalism: The Knights of Labor and Class Formation in the Nineteenth Century Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press
  243. Walder AG. 2009. Fractured Rebellion: The Beijing Red Guard Movement Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press
  244. Wang D, Soule S. 2012. Social movement organizational collaboration: networks of learning and the diffusion of protest tactics, 1960–1995. Am. J. Sociol. 117:61674–722
     [Google Scholar]
  245. Wawro G, Katznelson I. 2014. Designing historical social scientific inquiry: how parameter heterogeneity can bridge the methodological divide between quantitative and qualitative approaches. Am. J. Political Sci. 58:2526–46
     [Google Scholar]
  246. Western B, Kleykamp M. 2004. A Bayesian change point model for historical time series analysis. Political Anal 12:4354–74
     [Google Scholar]
  247. Whitt H. 2010. The civilizing process and its discontents: suicide and crimes against persons in France, 1825–1830. Am. J. Sociol. 116:1130–86
     [Google Scholar]
  248. Wilde M. 2007. Vatican II: A Sociological Analysis of Religious Change Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press
  249. Wilde M, Danielsen S. 2014. Fewer and better children: race, class, religion, and birth control reform in America. Am. J. Sociol. 119:61710–60
     [Google Scholar]
  250. Wilson NH. 2011. From reflection to refraction: state administration in British India, circa 1770–1855. Am. J. Sociol. 116:51437–77
     [Google Scholar]
  251. Wimmer A. 2013. Waves of War: Nationalism, State Formation, and Ethnic Exclusion in the Modern World Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  252. Wimmer A, Min B. 2006. From empire to nation-state: explaining wars in the modern world, 1816–2001. Am. Sociol. Rev. 71:6867–97
     [Google Scholar]
  253. Zubrzycki G 2016. Beheading the Saint: Nationalism, Religion, and Secularism in Quebec Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-soc-073117-041140
Loading
  • Article Type: Review Article

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error