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Annual Review of Nutrition

Volume 40, 2020

Novel Approaches for Omega-3 Fatty Acid Therapeutics: Chronic Versus Acute Administration to Protect Heart, Brain, and Spinal Cord

Abstract

This article reviews novel approaches for omega-3 fatty acid (FA) therapeutics and the linked molecular mechanisms in cardiovascular and central nervous system (CNS) diseases. In vitro and in vivo research studies indicate that omega-3 FAs affect synergic mechanisms that include modulation of cell membrane fluidity, regulation of intracellular signaling pathways, and production of bioactive mediators. We compare how chronic and acute treatments with omega-3 FAs differentially trigger pathways of protection in heart, brain, and spinal cord injuries. We also summarize recent omega-3 FA randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses and discuss possible reasons for controversial results, with suggestions on improving the study design for future clinical trials. Acute treatment with omega-3 FAs offers a novel approach for preserving cardiac and neurological functions, and the combinations of acute treatment with chronic administration of omega-3 FAs might represent an additional therapeutic strategy for ameliorating adverse cardiovascular and CNS outcomes.

Keyword(s): acute treatment, chronic treatment, myocardial infarction, omega-3 fatty acids, spinal cord and brain injury, stroke
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124539
2020-08-21
2024-04-24
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124539
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Novel Approaches for Omega-3 Fatty Acid Therapeutics: Chronic Versus Acute Administration to Protect Heart, Brain, and Spinal Cord
Annual Review of Nutrition 40, 161 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124539
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124539
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124539
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