1932
0

Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics

Volume 57, 2019

Cometary Chemistry and the Origin of Icy Solar System Bodies: The View After

Abstract

In situ research of cometary chemistry began when measurements from the mission at Comet 1P/Halley revealed the presence of complex organics in the coma. New telescopes and space missions have provided detailed remote and in situ measurements of the composition of cometary volatiles. Recently, the mission to Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko (67P) more than doubled the number of parent species and the number of isotopic ratios known for comets. Forty of the 71 parent species have also been detected in pre- and protostellar clouds. Most isotopic ratios are nonsolar. This diverse origin is in contrast to that of the Sun, which received its material from the bulk of the collapsing cloud. The xenon isotopic ratios measured in 67P can explain the long-standing question about the origin of terrestrial atmospheric xenon. These findings strengthen the notion that comets are indeed an important link between the ISM and today's solar system including life on Earth.

  • ▪  Nonsolar isotopic ratios for species such as Xe, N, S, and Si point to a nonhomogenized protoplanetary disk from which comets received their material.
  • ▪  The similarity of the organic inventories of comets and presolar and protostellar material makes it plausible that this material was accreted almost unaltered by comets from the presolar stage.
  • ▪  Large variations in the deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio in water for comets indicate a large range in the protoplanetary disk from which comets formed.
  • ▪  The amount of organics delivered by comets to Earth may be highly significant.

Keyword(s): astrochemistry, Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, cometary molecules, interstellar molecules, isotopologues
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-astro-091918-104409
2019-08-18
2025-06-14
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/astro/57/1/annurev-astro-091918-104409.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-astro-091918-104409&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. Agúndez M, Cernicharo J, Guélin M 2007. Ap. J. Lett. 662:L91–94
     [Google Scholar]
  2. A'Hearn MF. 2011. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 49:281–99
     [Google Scholar]
  3. A'Hearn MF, Belton MJ, Delamere WA et al. 2011. Science 332:1396–400
     [Google Scholar]
  4. A'Hearn MF, Feldman PD, Schleicher DG 1983. Ap. J. Lett. 274:L99–103
     [Google Scholar]
  5. A'Hearn MF, Millis RC, Schleicher DO et al. 1995. Icarus 118:223–70
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Allègre C, Manhès G, Lewin E 2001. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 185:49–69
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Altwegg K, Balsiger H, Bar-Nun A et al. 2014. Science 347:1261952
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Altwegg K, Balsiger H, Bar-Nun A et al. 2016. Sci. Adv. 2:e1600285
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Altwegg K, Balsiger H, Berthelier JJ et al. 2017a. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 375:20160253
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Altwegg K, Balsiger H, Berthelier JJ et al. 2017b. MNRAS 469:S130–41
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Altwegg K, Balsiger H, Berthelier JJ et al. 2019. Sci. Adv. In preparation
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Atreya SK, Mahaffy PR, Niemann HB et al. 2003. Planet. Space Sci. 51:105–12
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Baertschi P. 1976. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 31:341–44
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Bally J, Langer WD. 1982. Ap. J. 255:143–48
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Balsiger H, Altwegg K, Bar-Nun A et al. 2015. Sci. Adv. 1:e1500377
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Balsiger H, Altwegg K, Bochsler P et al. 2007. Space Sci. Rev. 128:745–801
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Balsiger H, Altwegg K, Geiss J 1995. JGR Space Phys 100:5827–34
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Bardyn A, Baklouti D, Cottin H et al. 2017. MNRAS 469:S712–22
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Bar-Nun A, Laufer D, Rebolledo O et al. 2013.In The Science of Solar System Ices MS Gudipati, J Castillo-Rogez 487–99 New York: Springer
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Bieler A, Altwegg K, Balsiger H et al. 2015. Nature 526:678–81
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Biver N, Bockelée-Morvan D, Crovisier J et al. 2002. Earth Moon Planets 90:323–33
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Biver N, Bockelée-Morvan D, Crovisier J et al. 2007. Planet. Space Sci. 55:1058–68
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Biver N, Bockelée-Morvan D, Debout V et al. 2014. Astron. Astrophys. 566:L5
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Biver N, Bockelée-Morvan D, Moreno R et al. 2015. Sci. Adv. 1:e1500863
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Biver N, Moreno R, Bockelée-Morvan D et al. 2016. Astron. Astrophys. 589:A78
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Blake GA, Keene J, Phillips TG 1985. Ap. J. 295:501–6
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Bockelée-Morvan D, Biver N, Swinyard B et al. 2012. Astron. Astrophys. 544:L15
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Bockelée-Morvan D, Calmonte U, Charnley S et al. 2015. Space Sci. Rev. 197:47–83
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Bockelée-Morvan D, Lis DC, Wink JE et al. 2000. Astron. Astrophys. 353:1101–14
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Bossa JB, Borget F, Duvernay F et al. 2010. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 23:333–39
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Bullock ES, McKeegan KD, Gounelle M et al. 2010. Meteor. Planet. Sci. 45:885–98
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Calmonte U, Altwegg K, Balsiger H et al. 2016. MNRAS 462:S253–73
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Calmonte U, Altwegg K, Balsiger H et al. 2017. MNRAS 469:S787–803
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Cazaux S, Caselli P, Spaans M 2011. Ap. J. Lett. 741:L34
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Charnley SB, Millar TJ. 1994. MNRAS 270:570–74
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Chyba CF, Thomas PJ, Brookshaw L, Sagan C 1990. Science 249:366–73
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Cochran AL, Barker ES, Gray CL 2012. Icarus 218:144–68
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Cochran AL, Levasseur-Regourd AC, Cordiner M et al. 2015. Space Sci. Rev. 197:9–46
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Cochran AL, McKay AJ. 2018a. Ap. J. Lett. 854:L10
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Cochran AL, McKay AJ. 2018b. Ap. J. Lett. 856:L20
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Coradini A, Capaccioni F, Drossart P et al. 2007. Space Sci. Rev. 128:529–59
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Cottin H, Fray N. 2008. Space Sci. Rev. 138:179–97
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Coutens A, Jørgensen JK, Persson MV et al. 2014. Ap. J. Lett. 792:L5
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Crovisier J. 1994. JGR Planets 99:3777–81
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Davidsson BJR, Sierks H, Güttler C et al. 2016. Astron. Astrophys. 592:A63
     [Google Scholar]
  46. De Almeida AA, Singh PD 1986. Earth Moon Planets 36:117–25
     [Google Scholar]
  47. De Keyser J, Dhooghe F, Altwegg K et al. 2017. MNRAS 469:S695–711
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Dello Russo ND, Kawakita H, Vervack RJ Jr., Weaver HA 2016. Icarus 278:301–32
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Dhooghe F, De Keyser J, Altwegg K et al. 2017. MNRAS 472:1336–45
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Drozdovskaya MN, van Dishoeck EF, Jørgensen JK et al. 2018. MNRAS 476:4949–64
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Dulieu F, Minissale M, Bockelée-Morvan D 2017. Astron. Astrophys. 597:A56
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Eberhardt P. 1999. Composition and Origin of Cometary Materials45–52 Dordrecht, Neth.: Springer
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Eberhardt P, Reber M, Krankowsky D, Hodges RR 1995. Astron. Astrophys. 302:301–16
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Ehrenfreund P, Schutte WA. 2000. Astrochemistry: From Molecular Clouds to Planetary Systems IAU Symposium 197 YC Minh, EF van Dishoeck 135–46 San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Eistrup C, Walsh C. 2019. Astron. Astrophys. 621:A75
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Eistrup C, Walsh C, van Dishoeck EF 2016. Astron. Astrophys. 595:A83
     [Google Scholar]
  57. Elsila JE, Glavin DP, Dworkin JP 2009. Meteor. Planet. Sci. 44:1323–30
     [Google Scholar]
  58. Esposito LW, Winick JR, Stewart AI 1979. GJR Lett 6:601–4
     [Google Scholar]
  59. Fayolle EC, Öberg KI, Jørgensen JK et al. 2017. Nat. Astron. 1:703–8
     [Google Scholar]
  60. Ferrante RF, Moore MH, Spiliotis MM, Hudson RL 2008. Ap. J. 684:1210
     [Google Scholar]
  61. Fink U. 2009. Icarus 201:311–34
     [Google Scholar]
  62. Fougere N, Altwegg K, Berthelier JJ et al. 2016. MNRAS 462:S156–69
     [Google Scholar]
  63. Fray N, Bardyn A, Cottin H et al. 2016. Nature 538:72–74
     [Google Scholar]
  64. Füri E, Marty B. 2015. Nat. Geosci. 8:515–22
     [Google Scholar]
  65. Furuya K, Drozdovskaya MN, Visser R et al. 2017. Astron. Astrophys. 599:A40
     [Google Scholar]
  66. Furuya K, van Dishoeck EF, Aikawa Y 2016. Astron. Astrophys. 586:A127
     [Google Scholar]
  67. Gao X, Thiemens MH. 1993a. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57:3159–69
     [Google Scholar]
  68. Gao X, Thiemens MH. 1993b. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57:3171–76
     [Google Scholar]
  69. García-Rojas J, Esteban C, Peimbert M et al. 2006. MNRAS 368:253
     [Google Scholar]
  70. Garrod RT. 2013. Ap. J. 765:60
     [Google Scholar]
  71. Gasc S, Altwegg K, Balsiger H et al. 2017. MNRAS 469:S108–17
     [Google Scholar]
  72. Geiss J. 1988. Exploration of Halley's Comet M Grewing, F Praderie, R Reinhard 859–66 Berlin: Springer
     [Google Scholar]
  73. Gibb EL, Nummelin A, Bergman P et al. 2000a. BAAS 32:712
     [Google Scholar]
  74. Gibb EL, Whittet DCB, Schutte WA et al. 2000b. Ap. J. 536:347
     [Google Scholar]
  75. Gilmour JD, Turner G. 2007. Ap. J. 657:600
     [Google Scholar]
  76. Glassmeier KH, Boehnhardt H, Koschny D et al. 2007. Space Sci. Rev. 128:1–21
     [Google Scholar]
  77. Greenberg AN, Laufer D, Bar-Nun AT 2017. MNRAS 469:S517–21
     [Google Scholar]
  78. Guélin M, Cernicharo J, Paubert G, Turner BE 1990. Astron. Astrophys. 230:L9–11
     [Google Scholar]
  79. Guilbert-Lepoutre A, Rosenberg ED, Prialnik D, Besse S 2016. MNRAS 462:S146–55
     [Google Scholar]
  80. Gulkis S, Frerking M, Crovisier J et al. 2007. Space Sci. Rev. 128:561–97
     [Google Scholar]
  81. Gyngard F, Zinner E, Nittler LR et al. 2010. Ap. J. 717:107–20
     [Google Scholar]
  82. Hansen KC, Altwegg K, Berthelier JJ et al. 2016. MNRAS 462:S491–506
     [Google Scholar]
  83. Hartogh P, Lis DC, Bockelée-Morvan D et al. 2011. Nature 478:218–20
     [Google Scholar]
  84. Hässig M, Altwegg K, Balsiger H et al. 2015. Science 347:6220aaa0276
     [Google Scholar]
  85. Hässig M, Altwegg K, Balsiger H et al. 2017. Astron. Astrophys. 605:A50
     [Google Scholar]
  86. Hatchell J, Millar TJ, Rodgers SD 1998a. Astron. Astrophys. 332:695
     [Google Scholar]
  87. Hatchell J, Roberts H, Millar TJ 1999. Astron. Astrophys. 346:227–32
     [Google Scholar]
  88. Hatchell J, Thompson MA, Millar TJ, Macdonald GH 1998b. Astron. Astrophys. 133:29
     [Google Scholar]
  89. Hatchell J, Thompson MA, Millar TJ, Macdonald GH 1998c. Astron. Astrophys. 338:713
     [Google Scholar]
  90. Heaton BD, Little LT, Bishop IS 1989. Astron. Astrophys. 213:148
     [Google Scholar]
  91. Heays AN, Bosman AV, van Dishoeck EF 2017. Astron. Astrophys. 602:A105
     [Google Scholar]
  92. Heck PR, Hoppe P, Huth J 2012. Meteor. Planet. Sci. 47:649–59
     [Google Scholar]
  93. Helbert J, Rauer H, Boice DC, Huebner WF 2005. Astron. Astrophys. 442:1107–20
     [Google Scholar]
  94. Helmich FP, van Dishoeck EF 1997. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 124:205–53
     [Google Scholar]
  95. Helmich FP, van Dishoeck EF, Jansen DJ 1996. Astron. Astrophys. 313:657–63
     [Google Scholar]
  96. Herbst E, van Dishoeck EF 2009. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 47:427–80
     [Google Scholar]
  97. Heritier KL, Altwegg K, Berthelier JJ et al. 2018. Nat. Commun. 9:2580
     [Google Scholar]
  98. Hermsen W, Wilson TL, Walmsley CM, Henkel C 1988. Astron. Astrophys. 201:285–98
     [Google Scholar]
  99. Hily-Blant P, Magalhaes V, Kastner J et al. 2017. Astron. Astrophys. 603:L6
     [Google Scholar]
  100. Hirschmann MM. 2006. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 34:629–53
     [Google Scholar]
  101. Hoppe P, Fujiya W, Zinner E 2012. Ap. J. Lett. 745:L26
     [Google Scholar]
  102. Hoppe P, Rubin M, Altwegg K 2018. Space Sci. Rev. 214:106
     [Google Scholar]
  103. Howk JC, Sembach KR, Savage BD 2006. Ap. J. 637:333–41
     [Google Scholar]
  104. Hutsemékers D, Manfroid J, Jehin E et al. 2008. Astron. Astrophys. 490:L31–34
     [Google Scholar]
  105. Irvine WM, Dickens JE, Lovell AJ et al. 1999. Earth Moon Planets 78:29–35
     [Google Scholar]
  106. Jenkins EB. 2009. Ap. J. 700:1299–348
     [Google Scholar]
  107. Jiménez-Escobar A, Muñoz Caro GM 2011. Astron. Astrophys. 536:A91
     [Google Scholar]
  108. Johansen A, Klahr H, Henning T 2011. Astron. Astrophys. 529:A62
     [Google Scholar]
  109. Jørgensen JK, Müller HSP, Calcutt H et al. 2018. Astron. Astrophys. 620:A170
     [Google Scholar]
  110. Jørgensen JK, Van der Wiel MHD, Coutens A et al. 2016. Astron. Astrophys. 595:A117
     [Google Scholar]
  111. Jutzi M, Benz W, Toliou A et al. 2017. Astron. Astrophys. 597:A61
     [Google Scholar]
  112. Kama M, Caux E, López-Sepulcre A et al. 2015. Astron. Astrophys. 574:A107
     [Google Scholar]
  113. Keane JV, Tielens AGGM, Boogert ACA et al. 2001. Astron. Astrophys. 376:254–70
     [Google Scholar]
  114. Keller HU, Mottola S, Davidsson B et al. 2015. Astron. Astrophys. 583:A34
     [Google Scholar]
  115. Kolesniková L, Tercero B, Cernicharo J et al. 2014. Ap. J. Lett. 784:L7
     [Google Scholar]
  116. Kolokolova L, Hanner MS, Levasseur-Regourd AC, Gustafson BÅ 2004. Comets II M Festou, HU Keller, HA Weaver 577–504 Tucson, AZ: Univ. Ariz. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  117. Korth A, Richter AK, Loidl A et al. 1986. Nature 321:335–36
     [Google Scholar]
  118. Kouchi A, Yamamoto T. 1995. Prog. Crystal Growth Charact. Mater. 30:83–107
     [Google Scholar]
  119. Kramer T, Läuter M, Rubin M, Altwegg K 2017. MNRAS 469:S20–28
     [Google Scholar]
  120. Krankowsky D, Lämmerzahl P, Herrwerth I et al. 1986. Nature 321:326–29
     [Google Scholar]
  121. Langevin Y, Hilchenbach M, Ligier N et al. 2016. Icarus 271:76–97
     [Google Scholar]
  122. Langland-Shula LE, Smith GH. 2011. Icarus 213:280–322
     [Google Scholar]
  123. Läuter M, Kramer T, Rubin M, Altwegg K 2018. MNRAS 483:852–61
     [Google Scholar]
  124. Le Roy L, Altwegg K, Balsiger H et al. 2015. Astron. Astrophys. 583:A1
     [Google Scholar]
  125. Ligterink NFW, Kama M. 2018. Astron. Astrophys. 614:A112
     [Google Scholar]
  126. Linke RA, Frerking MA, Thaddeus P 1979. Ap. J. Lett. 234:L139
     [Google Scholar]
  127. Liu N, Nittler LR, Alexander CMOD et al. 2016. Ap. J. 820:140–53
     [Google Scholar]
  128. Lodders K. 2010. Principles and Perspectives in Cosmochemistry A Goswami, BE Reddy 379–417 Berlin: Springer
     [Google Scholar]
  129. Lugaro M, Davis AM, Gallino R et al. 2003. Ap. J. 593:486–508
     [Google Scholar]
  130. Macdonald GH, Gibb AG, Habing RJ, Millar TJ 1996. Astron. Astrophys. 119:333–67
     [Google Scholar]
  131. Majumdar L, Gratier P, Vidal T et al. 2016. MNRAS 458:1859–65
     [Google Scholar]
  132. Maquet L. 2015. Astron. Astrophys. 579:A78
     [Google Scholar]
  133. Marty B, Altwegg K, Balsiger H et al. 2017. Science 356:1069–72
     [Google Scholar]
  134. Mauersberger R, Ott U, Henkel C, Cernicharo J, Gallino R 2004. Astron. Astrophys. 426:219–27
     [Google Scholar]
  135. McKeegan KD, Kallio APA, Heber VS et al. 2011. Science 332:1528–32
     [Google Scholar]
  136. Meier R, A'Hearn MF. 1997. Icarus 125:164–94
     [Google Scholar]
  137. Meier R, Eberhardt P, Krankowsky D, Hodges RR 1994. Astron. Astrophys. 287:268–78
     [Google Scholar]
  138. Meier R, Owen TC, Jewitt DC et al. 1998. Science 279:1707–10
     [Google Scholar]
  139. Milam SN, Savage C, Brewster MA et al. 2005. Ap. J. 634:1126–32
     [Google Scholar]
  140. Millar TJ. 1991. Astron. Astrophys. 242:241–46
     [Google Scholar]
  141. Millar TJ, Macdonald GH, Gibb AG 1997. Astron. Astrophys. 325:1163–73
     [Google Scholar]
  142. Morbidelli A, Chambers J, Lunine JI et al. 2000. Meteor. Planet. Sci. 35:1309–20
     [Google Scholar]
  143. Morbidelli A, Wood BJ. 2015. The Early Earth: Accretion and Differentiation, Geophysical Monograph 212 J Badro M Walter 71–82 Hoboken, NJ: Wiley
     [Google Scholar]
  144. Mousis O, Ronnet T, Brugger B et al. 2016. Ap. J. Lett. 823:L41
     [Google Scholar]
  145. Müller HS, Belloche A, Xu LH et al. 2016. Astron. Astrophys. 587:A92
     [Google Scholar]
  146. Müller HSP, Schlöder F, Stutzki J, Winnewisser G 2005. J. Mol. Struct. 742:215–27
     [Google Scholar]
  147. Müller HSP, Thorwirth S, Roth DA, Winnewisser G 2001. Astron. Astrophys. 370:L49–52
     [Google Scholar]
  148. Mumma MJ, Charnley SB. 2011. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 49:471–524
     [Google Scholar]
  149. Mumma MJ, Weaver HA, Larson HP et al. 1986. Science 232:1523–28
     [Google Scholar]
  150. Neufeld DA, Zmuidzinas J, Schilke P, Phillips TG 1997. Ap. J. Lett. 488:L141
     [Google Scholar]
  151. O'Brien DP, Izidoro A, Jacobson SA et al. 2018. Space Sci. Rev. 214:47
     [Google Scholar]
  152. Ogliore RC, Nagashima K, Huss GR et al. 2015. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 166:74–91
     [Google Scholar]
  153. Ohishi M, Kaifu N. 1998. Faraday Discuss 109:205–16
     [Google Scholar]
  154. Oort JH. 1950. Bull. Astron. Inst. Neth. 11:91–110
     [Google Scholar]
  155. Ott U. 2014. Chem. Erde 74:519–44
     [Google Scholar]
  156. Paganini L, Mumma MJ, Gibb EL, Villanueva GL 2017. Ap. J. Lett. 836:L25
     [Google Scholar]
  157. Palme H, Lodders K, Jones A 2014. Treatise on GeochemistryVol. 2: Planets, Asteroids, Comets and The Solar System AM Davis 15–36 Elsevier, 2nd ed..
     [Google Scholar]
  158. Paquette JA, Engrand C, Hilchenbach M et al. 2018. MNRAS 477:3836–44
     [Google Scholar]
  159. Paquette JA, Engrand C, Stenzel O 2016. Meteor. Planet. Sci. 51:1340–52
     [Google Scholar]
  160. Paquette JA, Hornung K, Stenzel OJ et al. 2017. MNRAS 469:S230–37
     [Google Scholar]
  161. Pätzold M, Andert T, Hahn M et al. 2016. Nature 530:63–65
     [Google Scholar]
  162. Pearl J, Hanel R, Kunde V et al. 1979. Nature 280:755–58
     [Google Scholar]
  163. Penzias AA, Solomon PM, Wilson RW, Jefferts KB 1971. Ap. J. Lett. 168:L53
     [Google Scholar]
  164. Pepin RO. 2000. Space Sci. Rev. 92:371–95
     [Google Scholar]
  165. Pepin RO, Phinney D. 1978. Components of Xenon in the Solar System Space Science Center, University of Minnesota Unpublished manuscript
    [Google Scholar]
  166. Poitrasson F. 2017. Rev. Min. Geo. 82:289–344
     [Google Scholar]
  167. Rivilla VM, Drozdovskaya MN, Altwegg K et al. 2019. MNRAS In preparation
    [Google Scholar]
  168. Robert F. 2003. Space Sci. Rev. 106:87–101
     [Google Scholar]
  169. Rodgers SD, Charnley SB. 2006. Adv. Space Res. 38:1928–31
     [Google Scholar]
  170. Rotundi A, Sierks H, Della Corte V et al. 2015. Science 347:aaa3905
     [Google Scholar]
  171. Roueff E, Lis DC, Van der Tak FFS et al. 2005. Astron. Astrophys. 438:585–98
     [Google Scholar]
  172. Rubin M, Altwegg K, Balsiger H et al. 2015a. Science 348:232–35
     [Google Scholar]
  173. Rubin M, Altwegg K, Balsiger H et al. 2017. Astron. Astrophys. 601:A123
     [Google Scholar]
  174. Rubin M, Altwegg K, Balsiger H et al. 2018. Sci. Adv. 4:eaar6297
     [Google Scholar]
  175. Rubin M, Altwegg K, van Dishoeck EF, Schwehm G 2015b. Ap. J. Lett. 815:L11
     [Google Scholar]
  176. Sakamoto N, Seto Y, Itoh S et al. 2007. Science 317:231–33
     [Google Scholar]
  177. Savage BD, Sembach KR. 1996. Ap. J. 470:893–909
     [Google Scholar]
  178. Saxena PP, Singh M, Bhatnagar S 2003. Bull. Astron. Soc. India 31:75–86
     [Google Scholar]
  179. Schöier FL, Jørgensen JK, van Dishoeck EF, Blake GA 2002. Astron. Astrophys. 390:1001–21
     [Google Scholar]
  180. Schroeder IRHG, Altwegg K, Balsiger H et al. 2018. Astron. Astrophys. In press. arXiv:1809.03798 [astro-ph.EP]
    [Google Scholar]
  181. Schuhmann M, Altwegg K, Balsiger H et al. 2019. Astron. Astrophys. Accepted
    [Google Scholar]
  182. Schutte WA. 1999. Laboratory Astrophysics and Space Research P Ehrenfreund, K Krafft, H Kochan, V Pirronello 69–104 Dordrecht, Neth.: Kluwer
     [Google Scholar]
  183. Shah RY, Wootten A. 2001. Ap. J. 554:933–47
     [Google Scholar]
  184. Shinnaka Y, Fougere N, Kawakita H et al. 2017. Astron. J. 153:76
     [Google Scholar]
  185. Sierks H, Barbieri C, Lamy PL et al. 2015. Science 347:aaa1044
     [Google Scholar]
  186. Sutton EC, Peng R, Danchi WC et al. 1995. Ap. J. Suppl. 97:455–96
     [Google Scholar]
  187. Taquet V, Charnley SB, Sipilä O 2014. Ap. J. 791:1
     [Google Scholar]
  188. Taquet V, Furuya K, Walsh C, van Dishoeck EF 2016. MNRAS 462:S99–115
     [Google Scholar]
  189. Taquet V, Furuya K, Walsh C, van Dishoeck EF 2017. arXiv:1711.02372 [astro-ph.EP]
  190. Taquet V, van Dishoeck EF, Swayne M et al. 2018. arXiv:1805.12492 [astro-ph.EP]
  191. Tenenbaum ED, Woolf NJ, Ziurys LM 2007. Ap. J. Lett. 666:L29
     [Google Scholar]
  192. Tercero B, Vincent L, Cernicharo J et al. 2011. Astron. Astrophys. 528:A26
     [Google Scholar]
  193. Thi WF, Woitke P, Kamp I 2010. MNRAS 407:232–46
     [Google Scholar]
  194. Thorne LR, Anicich VG, Prasad SS, Huntress WT Jr. 1984. Ap. J. 280:139–43
     [Google Scholar]
  195. Tieftrunk A, Pineau des Forets G, Schilke P, Walmsley CM 1994. Astron. Astrophys. 289:579–96
     [Google Scholar]
  196. Toon OB, Turco RP, Pollack JB 1982. Icarus 51:358–73
     [Google Scholar]
  197. Tzou CY, Altwegg K, Balsiger H et al. 2019. Astron. Astrophys. Submitted
    [Google Scholar]
  198. Van der Marel N, van Dishoeck EF, Bruderer S et al. 2013. Science 340:1199–202
     [Google Scholar]
  199. van Dishoeck EF, Black JH 1988. Ap. J. 334:771–802
     [Google Scholar]
  200. van Dishoeck EF, Blake GA 1998. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 36:317–68
     [Google Scholar]
  201. van Dishoeck EF, Blake GA, Jansen DJ, Groesbeck TD 1995. Ap. J. 447:760
     [Google Scholar]
  202. Vincent JB, A'Hearn MF, Lin ZY et al. 2016. MNRAS 462:S184–94
     [Google Scholar]
  203. Wampfler S, Altwegg K, Balsiger H et al. 2019. In preparation.
  204. Weiler M. 2012. Astron. Astrophys. 538:A149
     [Google Scholar]
  205. Whipple FL. 1950. Ap. J. 111:375–94
     [Google Scholar]
  206. Whittet DCB, Schutte WA, Tielens AGGM et al. 1996. Astron. Astrophys. 315:L357–60
     [Google Scholar]
  207. Wilson TL. 1999. Rep. Prog. Phys. 62:143–85
     [Google Scholar]
  208. Wilson TL, Rood RT. 1994. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 32:191–226
     [Google Scholar]
  209. Woods PM, Occhiogrosso A, Viti S et al. 2015. MNRAS 450:1256–67
     [Google Scholar]
  210. Wurz P, Rubin M, Altwegg K et al. 2015. Astron. Astrophys. 583:A22
     [Google Scholar]
  211. Xu Y, Zinner E, Gallino R et al. 2015. Ap. J. 799:156–78
     [Google Scholar]
  212. Yang L, Ciesla FJ, Alexander CMD 2013. Icarus 226:256–67
     [Google Scholar]
  213. Yao Y, Giapis KP. 2017. Nat. Commun. 8:15298
     [Google Scholar]
  214. Yildiz UA, Acharyya K, Goldsmith PF et al. 2013. Astron. Astrophys. 558:A58
     [Google Scholar]
  215. Yurimoto H, Kuramoto K. 2004. Science 305:1763–66
     [Google Scholar]
  216. Zinner E. 2014. Treatise on Geochemistry Vol. 1: Meteorites and Cosmochemical Processes AM Davis 181–213 Oxford: Elsevier, 2nd ed..
     [Google Scholar]
  217. Ziurys LM. 1987. Ap. J. Lett. 321:L81–85
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-astro-091918-104409
Loading
Cometary Chemistry and the Origin of Icy Solar System Bodies: The View After Rosetta
Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 57, 113 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-091918-104409
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-astro-091918-104409
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-astro-091918-104409
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error