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Annual Review of Immunology

Volume 41, 2023

T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

A large body of evidence generated in the last two and a half years addresses the roles of T cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection and following vaccination. Infection or vaccination induces multi-epitope CD4 and CD8 T cell responses with polyfunctionality. Early T cell responses have been associated with mild COVID-19 outcomes. In concert with animal model data, these results suggest that while antibody responses are key to prevent infection, T cell responses may also play valuable roles in reducing disease severity and controlling infection. T cell memory after vaccination is sustained for at least six months. While neutralizing antibody responses are impacted by SARS-CoV-2 variants, most CD4 and CD8 T cell responses are preserved. This review highlights the extensive progress made, and the data and knowledge gaps that remain, in our understanding of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccines.

Keyword(s): COVID-19, disease severity, epitopes, infection, vaccination, variants
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-061120
2023-04-26
2024-04-28
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T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2
Annual Review of Immunology 41, 343 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-061120
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