1932

Abstract

We review the current status and future perspectives of theory and experiments of transverse spin phenomena in high-energy scattering processes off nucleon targets and related issues in nucleon structure and QCD. Systematic exploration of transverse spin effects requires measurements in polarized deep-inelastic scattering, polarized collisions, and + annihilations. Sophisticated QCD-based techniques are also needed to analyze the experimental data sets.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102014-021948
2015-10-19
2024-10-07
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/nucl/65/1/annurev-nucl-102014-021948.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102014-021948&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. Rutherford E. 1.  Philos. Mag. 21:669 1911. [Google Scholar]
  2. Bloom ED. 2.  et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 23:930 1969. [Google Scholar]
  3. Breidenbach M. 3.  et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 23:935 1969. [Google Scholar]
  4. Gross DJ, Wilczek F. 4.  Phys. Rev. D 8:3633 1973. [Google Scholar]
  5. Gross DJ, Wilczek F. 5.  Phys. Rev. D 9:980 1974. [Google Scholar]
  6. Nakamura K. 6.  et al. (Part. Data Group) J. Phys. G 37:075021 2010. [Google Scholar]
  7. Lai HJ. 7.  et al. (CTEQ Collab.) Eur. Phys. J. C 12:375 2000. [Google Scholar]
  8. Martin AD, Stirling WJ, Thorne RS, Watt G. 8.  Eur. Phys. J. C 63:189 2009. [Google Scholar]
  9. Collins JC, Soper DE. 9.  Nucl. Phys. B 194:445 1982. [Google Scholar]
  10. Mulders PJ, Tangerman RD. 10.  Nucl. Phys. B 461:197 1996. Mulders PJ, Tangerman RD. Erratum Nucl. Phys. B 484:538 1997. [Google Scholar]
  11. Boer D, Mulders PJ. 11.  Phys. Rev. D 57:5780 1998. [Google Scholar]
  12. Bacchetta A. 12.  et al. J. High Energy Phys. 0702:093 2007. [Google Scholar]
  13. Mueller D. 13.  et al. Fortschr. Phys. 42:101 1994. [Google Scholar]
  14. Ji X. 14.  Phys. Rev. Lett. 78:610 1997. [Google Scholar]
  15. Ji X. 15.  Phys. Rev. D 55:7114 1997. [Google Scholar]
  16. Radyushkin AV. 16.  Phys. Rev. D 56:5524 1997. [Google Scholar]
  17. Klem RD. 17.  et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 36:929 1976. [Google Scholar]
  18. Antille J. 18.  et al. Phys. Lett. B 94:523 1980. [Google Scholar]
  19. Adams DL. 19.  et al. (FNAL E581 Collab., E704 Collab.) Z. Phys. C 56:181 1992. [Google Scholar]
  20. Adams DL. 20.  et al. (FNAL E704 Collab.) Phys. Lett. B 264:462 1991. [Google Scholar]
  21. Adams DL. 21.  et al. (FNAL E704 Collab.) Phys. Rev. D 53:4747 1996. [Google Scholar]
  22. Bravar A. 22.  et al. (FNAL E704 Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 77:2626 1996. [Google Scholar]
  23. Adams J. 23.  et al. (STAR Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 92:171801 2004. [Google Scholar]
  24. Adler SS. 24.  et al. (PHENIX Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 95:202001 2005. [Google Scholar]
  25. Abelev BI. 25.  et al. (STAR Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 99:142003 2007. [Google Scholar]
  26. Abelev BI. 26.  et al. (STAR Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 101:222001 2008. [Google Scholar]
  27. Arsene I. 27.  et al. (BRAHMS Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 101:042001 2008. [Google Scholar]
  28. Adamczyk L. 28.  et al. (STAR Collab.) Phys. Rev. D 86:051101 2012. [Google Scholar]
  29. Aschenauer EC. 29.  et al. arXiv1501.01220 [nucl-ex] 2015.
  30. Gliske S. 30.  et al. (STAR Collab.) Proc. Sci. DIS2013:217 2013. [Google Scholar]
  31. Lee JH. 31.  et al. (BRAHMS Collab.) arXiv0908.4551 [hep-ex] 2009.
  32. Adolph C. 32.  et al. (COMPASS Collab.) Phys. Lett. B 744:250 2015. [Google Scholar]
  33. Airapetian A. 33.  et al. (HERMES Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 84:4047 2000. [Google Scholar]
  34. Airapetian A. 34.  et al. (HERMES Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 94:012002 2005. [Google Scholar]
  35. Airapetian A. 35.  et al. (HERMES Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 103:152002 2009. [Google Scholar]
  36. Airapetian A. 36.  et al. (HERMES Collab.) Phys. Lett. B 693:11 2010. [Google Scholar]
  37. Ageev ES. 37.  et al. (COMPASS Collab.) Nucl. Phys. B 765:31 2007. [Google Scholar]
  38. Alekseev M. 38.  et al. (COMPASS Collab.) Phys. Lett. B 673:127 2009. [Google Scholar]
  39. Alekseev MG. 39.  et al. (COMPASS Collab.) Phys. Lett. B 692:240 2010. [Google Scholar]
  40. Adolph C. 40.  et al. (COMPASS Collab.) Phys. Lett. B 717:376 2012. [Google Scholar]
  41. Adolph C. 41.  et al. (COMPASS Collab.) Phys. Lett. B 713:10 2012. [Google Scholar]
  42. Avakian H. 42.  et al. (CLAS Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 105:262002 2010. [Google Scholar]
  43. Qian X. 43.  et al. (JLab Hall A Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 107:072003 2011. [Google Scholar]
  44. Allada K. 44.  et al. (JLab Hall A Collab.) Phys. Rev. C 89:042201 2014. [Google Scholar]
  45. Zhao YX. 45.  et al. (JLab Hall A Collab.) Phys. Rev. C 90:055201 2014. [Google Scholar]
  46. Abe K. 46.  et al. (Belle Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 96:232002 2006. [Google Scholar]
  47. Seidl R. 47.  et al. (Belle Collab.) Phys. Rev. D 78:032011 2008. Seidl R, et al. (Belle Collab.) Erratum Phys. Rev. D 86:039905 2012. [Google Scholar]
  48. Lees JP. 48.  et al. (BaBar Collab.) Phys. Rev. D 90:052003 2014. [Google Scholar]
  49. Brodsky SJ, Hwang DS, Schmidt I. 49.  Phys. Lett. B 530:99 2002. [Google Scholar]
  50. Brodsky SJ, Hwang DS, Schmidt I. 50.  Nucl. Phys. B 642:344 2002. [Google Scholar]
  51. Collins JC. 51.  Phys. Lett. B 536:43 2002. [Google Scholar]
  52. Ji X, Yuan F. 52.  Phys. Lett. B 543:66 2002. [Google Scholar]
  53. Belitsky AV, Ji X, Yuan F. 53.  Nucl. Phys. B 656:165 2003. [Google Scholar]
  54. Boer D, Mulders PJ, Pijlman F. 54.  Nucl. Phys. B 667:201 2003. [Google Scholar]
  55. Collins JC. 55.  Nucl. Phys. B 396:161 1993. [Google Scholar]
  56. Boer D, Jakob R, Mulders PJ. 56.  Nucl. Phys. B 504:345 1997. [Google Scholar]
  57. Anselmino M, Efremov A, Leader E. 57.  Phys. Rep. 261:1 1995. Anselmino M, Efremov A, Leader E. Erratum Phys. Rep. 281:399 1997. [Google Scholar]
  58. Barone V, Drago A, Ratcliffe PG. 58.  Phys. Rep. 359:1 2002. [Google Scholar]
  59. Aidala CA, Bass SD, Hasch D, Mallot GK. 59.  Rev. Mod. Phys. 85:655 2013. [Google Scholar]
  60. Goeke K, Polyakov MV, Vanderhaeghen M. 60.  Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 47:401 2001. [Google Scholar]
  61. Diehl M. 61.  Phys. Rep. 388:41 2003. [Google Scholar]
  62. Belitsky AV, Radyushkin AV. 62.  Phys. Rep. 418:1 2005. [Google Scholar]
  63. Boffi S, Pasquini B. 63.  Riv. Nuovo Cim. 30:387 2007. [Google Scholar]
  64. Burkardt M, Miller CA, Nowak WD. 64.  Rep. Prog. Phys. 73:016201 2010. [Google Scholar]
  65. Boer D. 65.  et al. arXiv1108.1713 [nucl-th] 2011.
  66. Hofstadter R, McAllister RW. 66.  Phys. Rev. 98:217 1955. [Google Scholar]
  67. McAllister RW, Hofstadter R. 67.  Phys. Rev. 102:851 1956. [Google Scholar]
  68. Gao HY. 68.  Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 12:1 2003. Gao HY. Erratum Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 12:567 2003. [Google Scholar]
  69. Hyde CE, de Jager K. 69.  Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 54:217 2004. [Google Scholar]
  70. Perdrisat CF, Punjabi V, Vanderhaeghen M. 70.  Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 59:694 2007. [Google Scholar]
  71. Dudek J. 71.  et al. Eur. Phys. J. A 48:187 2012. [Google Scholar]
  72. Wigner E. 72.  Phys. Rev. 40:749 1932. [Google Scholar]
  73. Ji X. 73.  Phys. Rev. Lett. 91:062001 2003. [Google Scholar]
  74. Belitsky AV, Ji X, Yuan F. 74.  Phys. Rev. D 69:074014 2004. [Google Scholar]
  75. Meissner S, Metz A, Goeke K. 75.  Phys. Rev. D 76:034002 2007. [Google Scholar]
  76. Boer D. 76.  Nucl. Phys. B 806:23 2009. [Google Scholar]
  77. Bunce G, Saito N, Soffer J, Vogelsang V. 77.  Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 50:525 2000. [Google Scholar]
  78. Ralston JP, Soper DE. 78.  Nucl. Phys. B 152:109 1979. [Google Scholar]
  79. Jaffe RL, Ji XD. 79.  Nucl. Phys. B 375:527 1992. [Google Scholar]
  80. Jaffe RL, Ji XD. 80.  Phys. Rev. Lett. 67:552 1991. [Google Scholar]
  81. Khan AA. 81.  et al. Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 140:408 2005. [Google Scholar]
  82. Sivers DW. 82.  Phys. Rev. D 41:83 1990. [Google Scholar]
  83. Sivers DW. 83.  Phys. Rev. D 43:261 1991. [Google Scholar]
  84. Anselmino M, Boglione M, Murgia F. 84.  Phys. Lett. B 362:164 1995. [Google Scholar]
  85. Anselmino M, Boglione M, Murgia F. 85.  Phys. Rev. D 60:054027 1999. [Google Scholar]
  86. Anselmino M. 86.  et al. Phys. Rev. D 71:014002 2005. [Google Scholar]
  87. Anselmino M. 87.  et al. Phys. Rev. D 73:014020 2006. [Google Scholar]
  88. Anselmino M. 88.  et al. Phys. Rev. D 86:074032 2012. [Google Scholar]
  89. Anselmino M. 89.  et al. Phys. Rev. D 88:054023 2013. [Google Scholar]
  90. Gockeler M. 90.  et al. (QCDSF Collab., UKQCD Collab.) Phys. Rev. Lett. 98:222001 2007. [Google Scholar]
  91. Sun P, Yuan F. 91.  Phys. Rev. D 88:034016 2013. [Google Scholar]
  92. Sun P, Yuan F. 92.  Phys. Rev. D 88:114012 2013. [Google Scholar]
  93. Accardi A. 93.  et al. arXiv1212.1701 [nucl-ex] 2014.
  94. Burkardt M. 94.  Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 18:173 2003. [Google Scholar]
  95. Burkardt M. 95.  Phys. Rev. D 72:094020 2005. [Google Scholar]
  96. Ji X, Xiong X, Yuan F. 96.  Phys. Rev. Lett. 109:152005 2012. [Google Scholar]
  97. Ji X, Xiong X, Yuan F. 97.  Phys. Lett. B 717:214 2012. [Google Scholar]
  98. Leader E, Lorce C. 98.  Phys. Rev. Lett. 111:039101 2013. [Google Scholar]
  99. Harindranath A. 99.  et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111:039102 2013. [Google Scholar]
  100. Ji X, Xiong X, Yuan F. 100.  Phys. Rev. Lett. 111:039103 2013. [Google Scholar]
  101. Hatta Y, Tanaka K, Yoshida S. 101.  J. High Energy Phys. 1302:003 2013. [Google Scholar]
  102. Harindranath A, Kundu R, Mukherjee A. 102.  Phys. Lett. B 728:63 2014. [Google Scholar]
  103. Leader E, Lorce C. 103.  Phys. Rep. 541:163 [Google Scholar]
  104. Metz A. 104.  Phys. Lett. B 549:139 2002. [Google Scholar]
  105. Meissner S, Metz A. 105.  Phys. Rev. Lett. 102:172003 2009. [Google Scholar]
  106. Yuan F. 106.  Phys. Rev. Lett. 100:032003 2008. [Google Scholar]
  107. Yuan F. 107.  Phys. Rev. D 77:074019 2008. [Google Scholar]
  108. Gamberg LP, Mukherjee A, Mulders PJ. 108.  Phys. Rev. D 77:114026 2008. [Google Scholar]
  109. Collins JC, Soper DE. 109.  Nucl. Phys. B 193:381 1981. Collins JC, Soper DE. Erratum Nucl. Phys. B 213:545 1983. [Google Scholar]
  110. Collins JC, Soper DE. 110.  Nucl. Phys. B 197:446 1982. [Google Scholar]
  111. Collins JCC, Soper DE, Sterman G. 111.  Nucl. Phys. B 250:199 1985. [Google Scholar]
  112. Ji X, Ma JP, Yuan F. 112.  Phys. Rev. D 71:034005 2005. [Google Scholar]
  113. Ji X, Ma JP, Yuan F. 113.  Phys. Lett. B 597:299 2004. [Google Scholar]
  114. Ji X, Ma JP, Yuan F. 114.  J. High Energy Phys. 0507:020 2005. [Google Scholar]
  115. Collins JC, Metz A. 115.  Phys. Rev. Lett. 93:252001 2004. [Google Scholar]
  116. Collins JCC. 116.  Foundations of Perturbative QCD Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press 2011. [Google Scholar]
  117. Echevarria MG, Idilbi A, Scimemi I. 117.  J. High Energy Phys. 1207:002 2012. [Google Scholar]
  118. Ji X, Sun P, Xiong X, Yuan F. 118.  arXiv1405.7640 [hep-ph] 2014.
  119. Efremov AV, Teryaev OV. 119.  Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 36:140 1982. [Google Scholar]
  120. Efremov AV, Teryaev OV. 120.  Phys. Lett. B 150:383 1985. [Google Scholar]
  121. Qiu JW, Sterman G. 121.  Phys. Rev. Lett. 67:2264 1991. [Google Scholar]
  122. Qiu JW, Sterman G. 122.  Nucl. Phys. B 378:52 1992. [Google Scholar]
  123. Qiu JW, Sterman G. 123.  Phys. Rev. D 59:014004 1999. [Google Scholar]
  124. Ji X, Qiu JW, Vogelsang W, Yuan F. 124.  Phys. Rev. Lett. 97:082002 2006. [Google Scholar]
  125. Ji X, Qiu JW, Vogelsang W, Yuan F. 125.  Phys. Rev. D 73:094017 2006. [Google Scholar]
  126. Ji X, Qiu JW, Vogelsang W, Yuan F. 126.  Phys. Lett. B 638:178 2006. [Google Scholar]
  127. Koike Y, Vogelsang W, Yuan F. 127.  Phys. Lett. B 659:878 2008. [Google Scholar]
  128. Bacchetta A, Boer D, Diehl M, Mulders PJ. 128.  J. High Energy Phys. 0808:023 2008. [Google Scholar]
  129. Yuan F, Zhou J. 129.  Phys. Rev. Lett. 103:052001 2009. [Google Scholar]
  130. Prokudin A, Sun P, Yuan F. 130.  arXiv1505.05588 [hep-ph] 2015.
  131. Boer D. 131.  Nucl. Phys. B 603:195 2001. [Google Scholar]
  132. Kang ZB, Xiao BW, Yuan F. 132.  Phys. Rev. Lett. 107:152002 2011. [Google Scholar]
  133. Aybat SM, Collins JC, Qiu JW, Rogers TC. 133.  Phys. Rev. D 85:034043 2012. [Google Scholar]
  134. 133.  Deleted in proof
  135. Musch BU, Hagler P, Negele JW, Schafer A. 135.  Phys. Rev. D 83:094507 2011. [Google Scholar]
  136. Musch BU. 136.  et al. Phys. Rev. D 85:094510 2012. [Google Scholar]
  137. Ji X. 137.  Phys. Rev. Lett. 110:262002 2013. [Google Scholar]
  138. Anselmino M. 138.  et al. Phys. Rev. D 72:094007 2005. Anselmino M, et al. Erratum Phys. Rev. D 72:099903 2005. [Google Scholar]
  139. Vogelsang W, Yuan F. 139.  Phys. Rev. D 72:054028 2005. [Google Scholar]
  140. Collins JC. 140.  et al. Phys. Rev. D 73:014021 2006. [Google Scholar]
  141. Efremov AV, Goeke K, Schweitzer P. 141.  Phys. Rev. D 73:094025 2006. [Google Scholar]
  142. Anselmino M. 142.  et al. arXivhep–ph/0511017 2005.
  143. Anselmino M. 143.  et al. Eur. Phys. J. A 39:89 2009. [Google Scholar]
  144. Bacchetta A, Radici M. 144.  Phys. Rev. Lett. 107:212001 2011. [Google Scholar]
  145. Anselmino M. 145.  et al. arXiv1107.4446 [hep-ph] 2011.
  146. Anselmino M. 146.  et al. Phys. Rev. D 75:054032 2007. [Google Scholar]
  147. Anselmino M. 147.  et al. Phys. Rev. D 87:094019 2013. [Google Scholar]
  148. Kang ZB, Prokudin A, Sun P, Yuan F. 148.  arXiv1505.05589 [hep-ph] 2015.
  149. Aybat SM, Prokudin A, Rogers TC. 149.  Phys. Rev. Lett. 108:242003 2012. [Google Scholar]
  150. Anselmino M, Boglione M, Melis S. 150.  Phys. Rev. D 86:014028 2012. [Google Scholar]
  151. Boer D. 151.  Nucl. Phys. B 874:217 2013. [Google Scholar]
  152. Echevarria MG, Idilbi A, Kang ZB, Vitev I. 152.  Phys. Rev. D 89:074013 2014. [Google Scholar]
  153. Kang Z-B, Prokudin A, Sun P, Yuan F. 153.  Phys. Rev. D 91:071501 2015. [Google Scholar]
  154. Bacchetta A, Courtoy A, Radici M. 154.  Phys. Rev. Lett. 107:012001 2011. [Google Scholar]
  155. Bacchetta A, Courtoy A, Radici M. 155.  J. High Energy Phys. 1303:119 2013. [Google Scholar]
  156. Kane GL, Pumplin J, Repko W. 156.  Phys. Rev. Lett. 41:1689 1978. [Google Scholar]
  157. Kouvaris C, Qiu JW, Vogelsang W, Yuan F. 157.  Phys. Rev. D 74:114013 2006. [Google Scholar]
  158. Koike Y, Tanaka K. 158.  Phys. Lett. B 646:232 2007. [Google Scholar]
  159. Koike Y, Tanaka K. 159.  Phys. Rev. D 76:011502 2007. [Google Scholar]
  160. Koike Y, Tomita T. 160.  Phys. Lett. B 675:181 2009. [Google Scholar]
  161. Kanazawa K, Koike Y. 161.  Phys. Rev. D 82:034009 2010. [Google Scholar]
  162. Kanazawa K, Koike Y. 162.  Phys. Rev. D 83:114024 2011. [Google Scholar]
  163. Beppu H, Kanazawa K, Koike Y, Yoshida S. 163.  Phys. Rev. D 89:034029 2014. [Google Scholar]
  164. Kanazawa Y, Koike Y. 164.  Phys. Lett. B 478:121 2000. [Google Scholar]
  165. Kang ZB, Yuan F, Zhou J. 165.  Phys. Lett. B 691:243 2010. [Google Scholar]
  166. Metz A, Pitonyak D. 166.  Phys. Lett. B 723:365 2013. [Google Scholar]
  167. Kanazawa K, Koike Y, Metz A, Pitonyak D. 167.  Phys. Rev. D 89:111501 2014. [Google Scholar]
  168. Gautheron F. 168.  et al. (COMPASS Collab.) CERN-SPSC-2010-014 CERN sci. commun. pap 2010. [Google Scholar]
  169. Isenhower LD. 169.  et al. FERMILAB-PROPOSAL-1027 Fermilab tech. publ 2012. [Google Scholar]
  170. Klein A. 170.  et al. FERMILAB-LOI-2013-01 Fermilab tech. publ 2013. [Google Scholar]
  171. Ablikim M. 170a.  et al. BESIII Collab. arXiv:1507.06824 [hep-ex] 2015. [Google Scholar]
  172. Dominguez F, Marquet C, Xiao BW, Yuan F. 171.  Phys. Rev. D 83:105005 2011. [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102014-021948
Loading
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102014-021948
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Review Article
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error