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Annual Review of Nutrition

Volume 44, 2024

Helminth Infections and Diabetes: Mechanisms Accounting for Risk Amelioration

Abstract

The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is increasing rapidly, with an anticipated 600 million cases by 2035. While infectious diseases such as helminth infections have decreased due to improved sanitation and health care, recent research suggests a link between helminth infections and T2D, with helminths such as , , , and potentially mitigating or slowing down T2D progression in human and animal models. Helminth infections enhance host immunity by promoting interactions between innate and adaptive immune systems. In T2D, type 1 immune responses are suppressed and type 2 responses are augmented, expanding regulatory T cells and innate immune cells, particularly type 2 immune cells and macrophages. This article reviews recent research shedding light on the favorable effects of helminth infections on T2D. The potential defense mechanisms identified include heightened insulin sensitivity and reduced inflammation. The synthesis of findings from studies investigating parasitic helminths and their derivatives underscores promising avenues for defense against T2D.

Keyword(s): epidemiology, gut microbiota, helminth, helminth infections, immunological responses, protective immune mechanism, T2D, type 2 diabetes
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-100742
2024-08-29
2025-04-17
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-100742
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Helminth Infections and Diabetes: Mechanisms Accounting for Risk Amelioration
Annual Review of Nutrition 44, 339 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-100742
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-100742
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-100742
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  • Article Type: Review Article

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