1932

Abstract

Crecientemente las sociedades latinoamericanas enfrentan el surgimiento de nuevos órdenes en que los funcionarios estatales y las autoridades políticas comparten el poder con organizaciones criminales. La gobernanza criminal (es decir, la creación de un orden paralelo basado en la imposición de reglas sobre el comportamiento ciudadano por parte de organizaciones criminales a menudo con la colaboración de agentes estatales) como se denomina a este tipo de configuración, plantea desafíos importantes para la democracia y el estado de derecho. También constriñe y a veces reconfigura el acceso a derechos de ciudadanía civil, política, y social por parte de la población. Este artículo revisa críticamente la bibliografía sobre la interacción entre estado y delincuencia en América Latina abordando cuestiones conceptuales y metodológicas. Al hacerlo, se distinguen tres líneas de trabajo que, en paralelo, han contribuido a mejorar nuestra comprensión de la gobernanza criminal: estudios sobre violencia, trabajos sobre estado y estatalidad, y trabajos que analizan específicamente los esquemas de gobernanza criminal. El artículo postula que, en conjunto, estas tres líneas de investigación han realizado un trabajo encomiable al describir y conceptualizar formas emergentes de gobernanza que se desvían de nociones tradicionales. Sin embargo, también argumenta que dichas líneas avanzaron en paralelo, lo que no solo ha redundado en una pobre integración, sino también, en la reproducción de puntos ciegos a nivel teórico y metodológico. Todo ello debilita lacapacidad analítica y heurística de cada una. El artículo también señala que se requiere más trabajo para entender las consecuencias que los nuevos ordenes de gobernanza criminal generan respecto al funcionamiento de los regímenes políticos e instituciones estatales. La conclusión propone pasos concretos para fortalecer el análisis y fomentar una agenda más integrada, sugiriendo también una agenda de investigación.

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2022-07-29
2024-10-11
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