High-Speed Imaging of Drops and Bubbles

S.T. Thoroddsen; T.G. Etoh; K. Takehara

doi:10.1146/annurev.fluid.40.111406.102215

Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics

Volume 40, 2008

Review Article

High-Speed Imaging of Drops and Bubbles

S.T. Thoroddsen¹, T.G. Etoh², and K. Takehara²
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Affiliations: ¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576; email: [email protected] ²Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
Vol. 40:257-285 (Volume publication date January 2008) https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fluid.40.111406.102215
© Annual Reviews

Abstract

This review presents recent technological advances in charge-coupled-device ultrahigh-speed video cameras and their applications in experimental fluid mechanics. Following a brief review of the various high-speed camera types, we point out the advantages of the new technology. Then we show examples of how these cameras are leading to new discoveries in the study of free-surface flows, emphasizing the dynamics of drops and bubbles. We specifically review work on the basic singularities occurring when liquid masses come into contact and coalesce, or break apart during the pinch-off of drops or bubbles from a vertical nozzle. We briefly discuss the imaging of cavitation bubbles and finish by outlining future prospects for these sensors.

Keyword(s): cavitation bubbles, charge-coupled devices, coalescence, ejecta sheets, microjets, pinch-off

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2008-01-21

2024-10-13

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High-Speed Imaging of Drops and Bubbles

Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 40, 257 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fluid.40.111406.102215

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.fluid.40.111406.102215

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Supplementary Data

Download all Supplemental Material as a PDF. Includes:
- Supplemental Appendix
- Supplemental Figures 1-3 (figures also shown below)
- Links to Supplemental Video Gallery (videos also shown below)
Supplemental Figure 1: The basic concepts for ultrafast streak cameras used in inertial confinement fusion. (a) Use of a pinhole mask (Shiraga et al. 2004). (b) Implementation using fiber optics (Kodama et al. 1999).

Supplemental Figure 2: Conceptual design of a terraced sensor for dynamic TEM.

Supplemental Figure 3: Still images from video gallery, showing drop pinch-off, one step in the coalescence cascade, splashing and jetting during the impact of a drop, and the entrapment of a bubble under the center of the drop.

Supplemental Video Gallery

We supplement the still images in the main text with typical examples of high-speed video clips showing drop and bubble dynamics, taken with the ISIS video camera. Supplemental Figure 3 shows thumbnails for these clips.

Literature Cited

Kodama R, Okada K, Kato Y. 1999. Development of a two-dimensional space-resolved high speed sampling camera. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70:625--28

Lindau O, Lauterborn W. 2003. Cinematographic observation of the collapse and rebound of a laser-produced cavitation bubble near a wall. J. Fluid Mech. 479:327--48

Shiraga H, Fujioka S, Jaanimagi PA, Stoeckl C, Stephens RB, et al. 2004. Multi-imaging X-ray streak camera for ultrahigh-speed two-dimensional X-ray imaging of imploded core plasmas. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75:3921--25

Clip 1: One step in the coalescence cascade, for an ethanol drop (Photron Fastcam). Frame-rate: 10 kfps. Image size: Mother drop diameter ∼ 1 mm. Download video file (AVI)

Clip 2: Ejecta sheet generated by the impact of a drop onto a pool (ISIS V2 as all clips below). Frame-rate: 100 kfps. Image size: Drop diameter ∼ 5 mm Download video file (AVI)

Clip 3: Impact of a viscous drop onto a very thin liquid layer which has lower viscosity and surface tension. Marangoni-driven holes form in the crown. Frame-rate: 20 kfps. Image size: Drop diameter ∼ 5 mm. Download video file (AVI)

Clip 4: Pinch-off of a water drop from a nozzle and the subsequent satellite oscillations. Frame-rate: 10 kfps. Image size: Nozzle diameter 5.4 mm. Download video file (AVI)

Clip 5: Micro-jetting from the oscillating satellite drop. Frame-rate: 200 kfps. Image size: Horizontal extent 1.7 mm. Download video file (AVI)

Clip 6: Necking during the pinch-off of a bubble in water. Frame-rate: 1 Mfps. Image size: Horizontal extent of frames is 242 µm. Download video file (AVI)

Clip 7: Pinch-off of an air bubble in water from a large nozzle. Frame-rate: 1 Mfps. Image size: Horizontal extent 123 µm. Download video file (AVI)

Clip 8: Pinch-off of a bubble in a 75% glycerin solution. Frame-rate: 250 kfps. Image size: Horizontal extent 147 µm. Download video file (AVI)

Clip 9: Pinch-off of a bubble in a 75% glycerin solution, wider view. Frame-rate: 125 kfps. Image size: Horizontal extent 255 µm. Download video file (AVI)

Clip 10: Pinch-off satellite for water, taken with a color ISIS-V4, showing 3% of the frame area. Frame-rate: 20 kfps? Image size: Horizontal extent 1.1 mm. Download video file (AVI)

Clip 11: Pinch-off of a 85% glycerin drop. Frame-rate: 2 kfps. Image size: Nozzle size = 5.4 mm. Download video file (AVI)

Clip 12: Final pinch-off for 85% glycerin drop. Frame-rate: 20, 50 kfps and 1 Mfps. Image size: Horizontal extent of rightmost panel 330 µm. Download video file (AVI)

Clip 13: Drop penetrating through a soap film. Frame-rate: 200 kfps. Image size: Drop diameter ∼ 5 mm. Download video file (AVI)

Clip 14: Entrapment of an air-disk under a drop impacting on a glass plate. Frame-rate: 20 kfps. Image size: Horizontal extent ∼ 1.5 mm. Download video file (AVI)

Clip 15: Air entrapment under a drop impacting onto a liquid surface. Frame-rate: 20 kfps. Image size: Horizontal extent ∼ 1.5 mm. Download video file (AVI)