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Anapole moments are parity-odd, time-reversal-even moments of the E1
projection of the electromagnetic current. Although it was recognized, soon
after the discovery of parity violation in the weak interaction, that
elementary particles and composite systems such as nuclei must have anapole
moments, it proved difficult to isolate this weak radiative correction. The
first successful measurement, an extraction of the nuclear anapole moment of
133Cs from the hyperfine dependence of the atomic parity violation,
was obtained only recently. An important anapole moment bound in thallium also
exists. We discuss these measurements and their significance as tests of the
hadronic weak interaction, focusing on the mechanisms that operate within the
nucleus to generate the anapole moment. The atomic results place new
constraints on weak meson-nucleon couplings, constraints we compare to existing
bounds from a variety of
and nuclear tests of parity nonconservation.
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