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Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences

Volume 51, 2023

Mars Seismology

  • P. Lognonné1, W.B. Banerdt2, J. Clinton3, R.F. Garcia4, D. Giardini5, B. Knapmeyer-Endrun6, M. Panning2 and W.T. Pike7
  • 1Université Paris Cité, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France; email: [email protected] 2Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA 3Swiss Seismological Service, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland 4Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace SUPAERO, Toulouse, France 5Institute of Geophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland 6Bensberg Observatory, University of Cologne, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany 7Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  • Vol. 51:643-670 (Volume publication date May 2023)
  • First published as a Review in Advance on February 28, 2023
  • Copyright © 2023 by the author(s).
    This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See credit lines of images or other third-party material in this article for license information

Abstract

For the first time, from early 2019 to the end of 2022, Mars’ shallow and deep interiors have been explored by seismology with the InSight mission. Thanks to the performances of its seismometers and the quality of their robotic installation on the ground, 1,319 seismic events have been detected, including about 90 marsquakes at teleseismic distances, with w from 2.5 to 4.7 and at least 6 impacts, the largest ones with craters larger than 130 m. A large fraction of these marsquakes occur in Cerberus Fossae, demonstrating active regional tectonics. Records of pressure-induced seismic noise and signals from the penetration of a heat flow probe have provided subsurface models below the lander. Deeper direct and secondary body wave phase travel time, receiver function, and surface wave analysis have provided the first interior models of Mars, including crustal thickness and crustal layering, mantle structure, thermal lithospheric thickness, and core radius and state.

  • ▪  With InSight's SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure of Mars) experiment and for the first time in planetary exploration, Mars’ internal structure and seismicity are constrained.
  • ▪  More than 1,300 seismic events and seismic noise records enable the first comparative seismology studies together with Earth and lunar seismic data.
  • ▪  Inversion of seismic travel times and waveforms provided the first interior model of another terrestrial planet, down to the core.
  • ▪  Several impacts were also seismically recorded with their craters imaged from orbit, providing the first data on impact dynamic on Mars.

Keyword(s): Cerberus Fossae, impacts, interior structure, Mars, marsquake, seismology
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2023-05-31
2025-06-19
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Mars Seismology
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 51, 643 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-031621-073318
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