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Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences

Volume 46, 2018

Fluids of the Lower Crust: Deep Is Different

Abstract

Deep fluids are important for the evolution and properties of the lower continental and arc crust in tectonically active settings. They comprise four components: HO, nonpolar gases, salts, and rock-derived solutes. Contrasting behavior of HO-gas and HO-salt mixtures yields immiscibility and potential separation of phases with different chemical properties. Equilibrium thermodynamic modeling of fluid-rock interaction using simple ionic species known from shallow-crustal systems yields solutions too dilute to be consistent with experiments and resistivity surveys, especially if CO is added. Therefore, additional species must be present, and HO-salt solutions likely explain much of the evidence for fluid action in high-pressure settings. At low salinity, HO-rich fluids are powerful solvents for aluminosilicate rock components that are dissolved as polymerized clusters. Addition of salts changes solubility patterns, but aluminosilicate contents may remain high. Fluids with X = 0.05 to 0.4 in equilibrium with model crustal rocks have bulk conductivities of 10−1.5 to 100 S/m at porosity of 0.001. Such fluids are consistent with observed conductivity anomalies and are capable of the mass transfer seen in metamorphic rocks exhumed from the lower crust.

Keyword(s): conductivity, fluids, lower crust, metamorphism
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2018-05-30
2025-02-12
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Fluids of the Lower Crust: Deep Is Different
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 46, 67 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-060614-105224
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-060614-105224
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