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Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences

Volume 48, 2020

Plate Tectonics and the Archean Earth

  • Michael Brown1, Tim Johnson2,3 and Nicholas J. Gardiner4,5
  • 1Laboratory for Crustal Petrology, Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; email: [email protected] 2School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), Space Science and Technology Centre, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia 3State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430074, China 4School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AL, United Kingdom 5School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
  • Vol. 48:291-320 (Volume publication date May 2020)
  • First published as a Review in Advance on January 17, 2020
  • Copyright © 2020 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved

Abstract

If we accept that a critical condition for plate tectonics is the creation and maintenance of a global network of narrow boundaries separating multiple plates, then to argue for plate tectonics during the Archean requires more than a local record of subduction. A case is made for plate tectonics back to the early Paleoproterozoic, when a cycle of breakup and collision led to formation of the supercontinent Columbia, and bimodal metamorphism is registered globally. Before this, less preserved crust and survivorship bias become greater concerns, and the geological record may yield only a lower limit on the emergence of plate tectonics. Higher mantle temperature in the Archean precluded or limited stable subduction, requiring a transition to plate tectonics from another tectonic mode. This transition is recorded by changes in geochemical proxies and interpreted based on numerical modeling. Improved understanding of the secular evolution of temperature and water in the mantle is a key target for future research.

  • ▪   Higher mantle temperature in the Archean precluded or limited stable subduction, requiring a transition to plate tectonics from another tectonic mode.
  • ▪   Plate tectonics can be demonstrated on Earth since the early Paleoproterozoic (since c. 2.2 Ga), but before the Proterozoic Earth's tectonic mode remains ambiguous.
  • ▪   The Mesoarchean to early Paleoproterozoic (3.2–2.3 Ga) represents a period of transition from an early tectonic mode (stagnant or sluggish lid) to plate tectonics.
  • ▪   The development of a global network of narrow boundaries separating multiple plates could have been kick-started by plume-induced subduction.

Keyword(s): geochemistry, mantle TP, metamorphism, plume, subduction, tectonic mode
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Plate Tectonics and the Archean Earth
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 48, 291 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-081619-052705
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