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Annual Review of Genetics

Volume 57, 2023

Programmed Cell Death in Unicellular Versus Multicellular Organisms

Abstract

Programmed cell death (self-induced) is intrinsic to all cellular life forms, including unicellular organisms. However, cell death research has focused on animal models to understand cancer, degenerative disorders, and developmental processes. Recently delineated suicidal death mechanisms in bacteria and fungi have revealed ancient origins of animal cell death that are intertwined with immune mechanisms, allaying earlier doubts that self-inflicted cell death pathways exist in microorganisms. Approximately 20 mammalian death pathways have been partially characterized over the last 35 years. By contrast, more than 100 death mechanisms have been identified in bacteria and a few fungi in recent years. However, cell death is nearly unstudied in most human pathogenic microbes that cause major public health burdens. Here, we consider how the current understanding of programmed cell death arose through animal studies and how recently uncovered microbial cell death mechanisms in fungi and bacteria resemble and differ from mechanisms of mammalian cell death.

Keyword(s): cell death, microbes, microorganism cell death, microorganisms, programmed cell death, regulated cell death
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-genet-033123-095833
2023-11-27
2025-04-19
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-genet-033123-095833
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Programmed Cell Death in Unicellular Versus Multicellular Organisms
Annual Review of Genetics 57, 435 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-033123-095833
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-genet-033123-095833
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-genet-033123-095833
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