Perspectives on Additive Manufacturing

David L. Bourell

doi:10.1146/annurev-matsci-070115-031606

Annual Review of Materials Research

Volume 46, 2016

Review Article

Free

Perspectives on Additive Manufacturing

David L. Bourell¹
View Affiliations Hide Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712; email: [email protected]
Vol. 46:1-18 (Volume publication date July 2016) https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-070115-031606
First published as a Review in Advance on February 02, 2016
© Annual Reviews

Abstract

Additive manufacturing (AM) has skyrocketed in visibility commercially and in the public sector. This article describes the development of this field from early layered manufacturing approaches of photosculpture, topography, and material deposition. Certain precursors to modern AM processes are also briefly described. The growth of the field over the last 30 years is presented. Included is the standard delineation of AM technologies into seven broad categories. The economics of AM part generation is considered, and the impacts of the economics on application sectors are described. On the basis of current trends, the future outlook will include a convergence of AM fabricators, mass-produced AM fabricators, enabling of topology optimization designs, and specialization in the AM legal arena. Long-term developments with huge impact are organ printing and volume-based printing.

Keyword(s): additive manufacturing, current applications, economics, future outlook, history

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-matsci-070115-031606

2016-07-01

2025-04-30

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/matsci/46/1/annurev-matsci-070115-031606.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-matsci-070115-031606&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

1. ASTM 2015. Standard terminology for additive manufacturing—general principles. Part 1: Terminology. ISO/ASTM Stand. 52792, ASTM [Google Scholar]
Sachs EM, Haggerty JS, Cima MJ, Williams PA. 2. 1993. Three-dimensional printing techniques US Patent 5,204,055 [Google Scholar]
Wohlers TW. 3. 2015. Wohlers Report 2015 Fort Collins, CO: Wohlers Assoc. [Google Scholar]
Gordon R, Harrop J. 4. 2014. 3D Printing Materials 2015–2025: Status, Opportunities, Market Forecasts Cambridge, UK: IDTechEx [Google Scholar]
Malone E, Lipson H. 5. 2006. Fab@Home: the personal desktop fabricator kit. Proceedings of the International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, 17th668–81 Austin: Univ. Tex. [Google Scholar]
Beaman J, Bourell D, Wallace D. 6. 2014. Special Issue: Additive Manufacturing (AM) and 3D Printing. J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 136:61 [Google Scholar]
7. White House 2012. President Obama to announce new efforts to support manufacturing innovation, encourage insourcing News Release, Off. Press Secr., White House, Mar. 9. https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2012/03/09/president-obama-announce-new-efforts-support-manufacturing-innovation-en [Google Scholar]
8. White House 2013. Remarks by the President in the State of the Union Address Off. Press Secr., White House, Feb. 12. https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/02/12/remarks-president-state-union-address [Google Scholar]
9. White House 2014. President Barack Obama's State of the Union Address Off. Press Secr., White House, Jan. 28. https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/01/28/president-barack-obamas-state-union-address [Google Scholar]
Ashby MF.10. 2011. Materials Selection in Mechanical Design Boston: Elsevier, 4th ed.. [Google Scholar]
Ashley S.11. 1991. Rapid prototyping systems. Mech. Eng. 113:434 [Google Scholar]
Denton KR, Jacobs PE. 12. 1994. QuickCast™ & rapid tooling: a case history at Ford Motor Company. Proceedings of the International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, 5th154–74 Austin: Univ. Tex. [Google Scholar]
13. OICA 2015. Production statistics http://www.oica.net/category/production-statistics/ [Google Scholar]
Pinter D.14. 2015. Bentley unites handcraft with 3D printing http://www.psfk.com/2015/03/bentley-concept-car-exp-10-speed-6–2015-geneva-auto-show.html [Google Scholar]
Dickey MR.15. 2015. Hope you trust 3D printers—Boeing uses them to ‘print’ parts for its planes. Business Insider June 21. http://www.businessinsider.com/boeing-uses-3d-printers-for-airplane-parts-2013-6 [Google Scholar]
Jeantette FP, Keicher DM, Romero JA, Schanwald LP. 16. 2000. Method and system for producing complex-shape objects US Patent 6,046,426 [Google Scholar]
Weiss L, Prinz FR, Gursoz L. 17. 1992. Method and apparatus for fabrication of three-dimensional articles by thermal spray deposition US Patent 5,126,529 [Google Scholar]
Periard D, Schaal N, Schaal M, Malone E, Lipson H. 18. 2007. Printing food. Proceedings of the International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, 18th564–74 Austin: Univ. Tex. [Google Scholar]
Landers R, Mülhaupt R. 19. 2000. Desktop manufacturing of complex objects, prototypes and biomedical scaffolds by means of computer-assisted design combined with computer-guided 3D plotting of polymers and reactive oligomers. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 282:17–21 [Google Scholar]
Gothait H.20. 2001. Apparatus and method for three dimensional model printing US Patent 6,259,962 [Google Scholar]
Deckard C.21. 1989. Method and apparatus for producing parts by selective sintering US Patent 4,863,538 [Google Scholar]
Hull C.22. 1986. Apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by stereolithography US Patent 4,575,330 [Google Scholar]
Munz OJ.23. 1956. Photo-glyph recording US Patent 2,775,758 [Google Scholar]
Kodama H.24. 1981. Automatic method for fabricating a three-dimensional plastic model with photo-hardening polymer. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 52:1770–73 [Google Scholar]
Herbert AJ.25. 1982. Solid object generation. J. Appl. Photo Eng. 8:4185–88 [Google Scholar]
Beaman JJ, Barlow JW, Bourell DL, Crawford RH, Marcus HL, McAlea KP. 26. 1997. Solid Freeform Fabrication: A New Direction in Manufacturing Boston: Kluwer [Google Scholar]
Wohlers T, Gornet T. 27. 2014. History of additive manufacturing. Wohlers Report 2014 TW Wohlers 14–17 Fort Collins, CO: Wohlers Assoc http://wohlersassociates.com/history2014.pdf [Google Scholar]
Bogart M.28. 1979. In art the end don't always justify means. Smithsonian 9:104–10 [Google Scholar]
Baese C.29. 1904. Photographic process for the reproduction of plastic parts US Patent 774,549 [Google Scholar]
Morioka I.30. 1935. Process for manufacturing a relief by the aid of photography US Patent 2,015,457 [Google Scholar]
Blanther JE.31. 1892. Manufacture of contour relief maps US Patent 473,901 [Google Scholar]
Perera BV.32. 1940. Process of making relief maps US Patent 2,189,592 [Google Scholar]
Zang EE.33. 1940. Vitavue relief model technique US Patent 3,137,080 [Google Scholar]
Gaskin TA.34. 1973. Earth science teaching device US Patent 3,751,827 [Google Scholar]
Matsubara K.35. 1974. Molding method of casting using photocurable substance Jpn. Kokai Patent Appl. Sho 51[1976]-10813 [Google Scholar]
DiMatteo PL.36. 1976. Method of generating and constructing three-dimensional bodies US Patent 3,932,923 [Google Scholar]
Nakagawa T.37. 1979. Blanking tool by stacked bainite steel plates. Press Tech. 197993–101 [Google Scholar]
Kuneida M, Nakagawa T. 38. 1984. Development of laminated drawing dies by laser cutting. Bull. JSPE 18:4353–54 [Google Scholar]
Nakagawa T, Kunieda M, Liu SD. 39. 1985. Laser cut sheet laminated forming dies by diffusion bonding. Proceedings of the 25th International Machine Tool Design and Research Conference24–25 Birmingham: Univ. Birmingham [Google Scholar]
Baker R.40. 1925. Method of making decorative articles US Patent 1,533,300 [Google Scholar]
Garver FW.41. 1961. Method of producing metal rollers US Patent 3,007,231 [Google Scholar]
White WD Jr. 42. 1964. Pressure roller and method of manufacture US Patent 3,156,968 [Google Scholar]
Brandi HT, Luckow H. 43. 1976. Method of making large structural one-piece parts of metal, particularly one-piece shafts US Patent 3,985,995 [Google Scholar]
Gale PL, Fair JE. 44. 1978. Method of making aluminum piston with reinforced piston ring groove US Patent 4,125,926 [Google Scholar]
Brown CO, Beinan EM, Kear BH. 45. 1982. Method for fabricating articles by sequential layer deposition US Patent 4,323,756 [Google Scholar]
Ciraud PA.46. 1972. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung beliebiger Gegenstaende aus beliebigem schmelzbarem Material [Process and device for the manufacture of any objects desired from any meltable material] Ger. Patent Appl. DE 22 63 777 A1 [Google Scholar]
Swainson WK.47. 1977. Method, medium and apparatus for producing three-dimensional figure product US Patent 4,041,476 [Google Scholar]
Housholder R.48. 1981. Molding process US Patent 4,247,508 [Google Scholar]
49. NCMS 1998. The road to manufacturing: 1998 industrial roadmap for the rapid prototyping industry Rep. 0199RE98, NCMS [Google Scholar]
Leitão P.50. 2009. Agent-based distributed manufacturing control: a state-of-the-art survey. Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. 22:7979–91 [Google Scholar]
Johnson JJ.51. 2013. Print, lock, and load: 3-D printers, creation of guns, and the potential threat to Fourth Amendment rights. J. Law Technol. Policy 2013:2338–60 [Google Scholar]
Murphy SV, Atala A. 52. 2014. 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs. Nat. Biotechnol. 32:773–85 [Google Scholar]
Bourell DL, Leu MC, Rosen DW. 53. 2009. Roadmap for Additive Manufacturing: Identifying the Future of Freeform Processing Austin: Univ. Tex. [Google Scholar]