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Annual Review of Materials Research

Volume 51, 2021

Stabilized Nanocrystalline Alloys: The Intersection of Grain Boundary Segregation with Processing Science

Abstract

Processing science for nanocrystalline metals has largely focused on far-from-equilibrium methods that can generate many grain boundaries with excess defect energy. Conversely, the science of stabilizing nanocrystalline alloys has largely focused on the lowering of that excess defect energy through grain boundary segregation, bringing nanocrystalline structures closer to equilibrium. With increasing technological adoption of stabilized nanocrystalline alloys, there is a substantial need for research at the intersection of these two fields. This review lays out the basic thermodynamic issues of the two subfields and surveys the literature on the most common processing methods, including severe plastic deformation, ball milling, physical vapor deposition, and electrodeposition. We provide an overview of studies that have examined grain boundary segregation through each of these methods and identify general themes. We conclude that there is substantial scope for more systematic work at the intersection of these fields to understand how nonequilibrium processing affects grain boundary segregation.

Keyword(s): grain boundary segregation, nanocrystalline, nonequilibrium processing
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2021-07-26
2024-05-07
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Stabilized Nanocrystalline Alloys: The Intersection of Grain Boundary Segregation with Processing Science
Annual Review of Materials Research 51, 241 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-080819-121823
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-matsci-080819-121823
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