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Annual Review of Materials Research

Volume 50, 2020

Energy Conversion by Phase Transformation in the Small-Temperature-Difference Regime

Abstract

The discovery of alternative methods of producing electrical energy that avoid the generation of greenhouse gases and do not contribute to global warming is a compelling problem of our time. Ubiquitous, but often highly distributed, sources of energy on earth exist in the small-temperature-difference regime, 10–250°C. In this review, we discuss a family of methods that can potentially recover this energy based on the use of first-order phase transformations in crystalline materials combined with ferromagnetism or ferroelectricity. The development of this technology will require a better understanding of these phase transformations, especially ferroelectric/ferromagnetic properties, hysteresis, and reversibility, as well as strategies for discovering improved materials.

Keyword(s): energy conversion, ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, first-order phase transformation, small-temperature-difference regime, supercompatibility
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-matsci-082019-021824
2020-07-01
2025-04-26
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-matsci-082019-021824
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Energy Conversion by Phase Transformation in the Small-Temperature-Difference Regime
Annual Review of Materials Research 50, 283 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-082019-021824
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-matsci-082019-021824
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-matsci-082019-021824
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