Plant Diseases and Management Approaches in Organic Farming Systems

Literature Cited

1. Abbasi PA, Al-Dahmani J, Sahin F, Hoitink HAJ, Miller SA. 1.  2002. Effect of compost amendments on disease severity and yield of tomato in conventional and organic production systems. Plant Dis. 86:156–61 [Google Scholar]
2. Al-Dahmani JH, Pervaiz AA, Miller SA, Hoitink HAJ. 2.  2003. Suppression of bacterial spot of tomato with foliar sprays of compost extracts under greenhouse and field conditions. Plant Dis. 87:913–19 [Google Scholar]
3. Aparna K, Pasha MA, Rao DLN, Krishnaraj PU. 3.  2014. Organic amendments as ecosystem engineers: microbial, biochemical and genomic evidence of soil health improvement in a tropical arid zone field site. Ecol. Eng. 71:268–77 [Google Scholar]
4. Badgley C, Moghtader J, Quintero E, Zakern E, Chappell MJ. 4.  et al. 2007. Organic agriculture and the global food supply. Renew. Agric. Food Syst. 22:86–108 [Google Scholar]
5. Benitez MS, Tustas FB, Rotenberg D, Kleinhenz MD, Cardina J. 5.  et al. 2007. Multiple statistical approaches of community fingerprint data reveal bacterial populations associated with general disease suppression arising from the application of different organic field management strategies. Soil Biol. Biochem. 39:2289–301 [Google Scholar]
6. Berkelmans R, Ferris H, Tenuta M, van Bruggen AHC. 6.  2003. Effects of long-term crop management on nematode trophic levels other than plant feeders disappear after one year of disruptive soil management. Appl. Soil Ecol. 23:223–35 [Google Scholar]
7. Bernard E, Larkin RP, Tavantzis S, Erich MS, Alyokhin A, Gross S. 7.  2014. Rapeseed rotation, compost, and biocontrol amendments reduce soilborne diseases and increase tuber yield in organic and conventional potato production systems. Plant Soil 374:611–27 [Google Scholar]
8. Bettiol W, Ghini R, Galvão JAH, Siloto RC. 8.  2004. Organic and conventional tomato cropping systems. Sci. Agricola 61:253–59 [Google Scholar]
9. Birkhofer K, Bezemer TM, Bloem J, Bonkowski M, Christenen S. 9.  et al. 2008. Long-term organic farming fosters below and aboveground biota: implications for soil quality, biological control and productivity. Soil Biol. Biochem. 40:2297–308 [Google Scholar]
10. Birzele B, Meier A, Hindorf H, Krämer J, Dehne H-W. 10.  2002. Epidemiology of Fusarium infection and deoxynivalenol content in winter wheat in the Rhineland, Germany. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 108:667–73 [Google Scholar]
11. Boudreau MA. 11.  2013. Diseases in intercropping systems. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 51:499–519 [Google Scholar]
12. Bouws H, Finckh MR. 12.  2008. Effects of strip intercropping of potatoes with non-hosts on late blight severity and tuber yield in organic production. Plant Pathol. 57:916–27 [Google Scholar]
13. Bulluck LR, Ristaino JB. 13.  2002. Effect of synthetic and organic soil fertility amendments on southern blight, soil microbial communities, and yield of processing tomatoes. Phytopathology 92:181–89 [Google Scholar]
14. Butler DM, Kokalis-Burelle N, Muramoto J, Shennan C, McCollum TG. 14.  et al. 2012. Impact of anaerobic soil disinfestation combined with soil solarisation on plant-parasitic nematodes and introduced inoculum of soilborne plant pathogens in raised-bed vegetable production. Crop Prot. 39:33–40 [Google Scholar]
15. Caldwell B, Sideman E, Seaman A, Shelton A, Smart C. 15.  2013. Resource Guide for Organic Insect and Disease Management. New York: Cornell Univ, 2nd. http://web.pppmb.cals.cornell.edu/resourceguide/pdf/resource-guide-for-organic-insect-and-disease-management.pdf [Google Scholar]
16. Campiglia E, Manicelli R, Radicetti E, Baresel JP. 16.  2014. Evaluating spatial arrangement for durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and subclover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) intercropping systems. Field Crops Res. 169:49–57 [Google Scholar]
17. Cao KQ, van Bruggen AHC. 17.  2001. Inhibitory efficacy of several plant extracts and plant products on Phytophthora infestans. J. Agric. Univ. Hebei 24:90–96 [Google Scholar]
18. Champeil A, Fourbet JF, Doré T, Rossignol L. 18.  2004. Influence of cropping systems on Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin levels in winter wheat. Crop Prot. 23:531–37 [Google Scholar]
19. Cohen MR, Yamasaki H, Mazzola M. 19.  2005. Brassica napus seed meal soil amendment modifies microbial community structure, nitric oxide production and incidence of Rhizoctonia root rot. Soil Biol. Biochem. 37:1215–27 [Google Scholar]
20. Czerwiecki L, Czajkowska D, Witkowska-Gwiazdowska A. 20.  2002. On ochratoxin A and fungal flora in Polish cereals from conventional and ecological farms. Part 2: Occurrence of ochratoxin A and fungi in cereals in 1998. Food Addit. Contam. 19:1051–57 [Google Scholar]
21. Daayf F, Schmitt A, Belanger RR. 21.  1995. The effects of plant extracts of Reynoutria sachalinensis on powdery mildew development and leaf physiology of long English cucumber. Plant Dis. 79:577–80 [Google Scholar]
22. Dagostin S, Schärer HJ, Pertot I, Tamm L. 22.  2011. Are there alternatives to copper for controlling grapevine downy mildew in organic viticulture?. Crop Prot. 30:776–88 [Google Scholar]
23. Darby HM, Stone AG, Dick RP. 23.  2006. Compost and manure mediated impacts on soilborne pathogens and soil quality. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 70:347–58 [Google Scholar]
24. Datnoff LE, Elmer WH, Huber DM. 24.  2007. Mineral Nutrition and Plant Disease St. Paul, MN: APS Press [Google Scholar]
25. Dersch G, Adler A, Felder M, Lemmens P, Liebhard P. 25.  et al. 2009. Strategies to minimise Fusarium infections and mycotoxin pollution of cereals and maize by cultivation measures in context with a risk assessment and risk management in the Austrian production regions. DaFNE Final Rep. Res. Proj. 100012, DaFNE, Vienna, Austria. In German, English Abstract. https://www.dafne.at/prod/dafne_plus_common/attachment_download/b92d7f513f9765cd450fa1002ab385d4/Mykotoxine_Endbericht_FP100012.pdf
26. Dordas C. 26.  2008. Role of nutrients in controlling plant diseases in sustainable agriculture. A review. Agron. Sust. Dev. 28:33–46 [Google Scholar]
27. Dufour R, Guerena M, Earles R. 27.  2003. Alternative Nematode Control Butte, MT: ATTRA http://www.oisat.org/downloads/nematode.pdf [Google Scholar]
28. Edwards SG. 28.  2004. Influence of agricultural practices on Fusarium infection of cereals and subsequent contamination of grain by trichothecene mycotoxins. Toxicol. Lett. 153:29–35 [Google Scholar]
29. Esker PD, Savary S, McRoberts N. 29.  2012. Crop loss analysis and global food supply: focusing now on required harvests. CAB Rev. 7:0521–14 [Google Scholar]
30. 30. Eur. Comm. (EC) 2007. Council Regulation (EC) No 834/2007 of 28 June 2007 on organic production and labelling of organic products and repealing Regulation (EEC) No 2092/91. Official Journal of the European Union L189. 23
31. 31. Expert Group Tech. Advice Org. Prod 2011. Final report on plant protection products. EGTOP/3/2011. Dir.-Gen. Agric. Rural Dev., Eur. Comm., Brussels, Belg. http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/organic/eu-policy/expert-advice/documents/final-reports/final_report_egtop_on_plant_protection_products_en.pdf [Google Scholar]
32. Finckh MR, Schulte-Geldermann E, Bruns C. 32.  2006. Challenges to organic potato farming: disease and nutrient management. Potato Res. 49:27–42 [Google Scholar]
33. Finckh MR, van Bruggen AHC, Tamm L. 33.  2015. Plant Diseases and their Management in Organic Agriculture St. Paul, Minnesota: APS Press [Google Scholar]
34. Finckh MR, Wolfe MS. 34.  2006. Diversification strategies. The Epidemiology of Plant Disease BM Cooke, D Gareth Jones, B Kaye 269–308 Dordrecht, Neth: Springer [Google Scholar]
35. Gamliel A, Katan J. 35.  2012. Soil Solarization: Theory and Practice St. Paul, Minnesota: APS Press266 pp. [Google Scholar]
36. Gamliel A, van Bruggen AHC. 36.  2015. Maintaining soil health for crop production in organic greenhouses. Sci. Hortic. In press. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2015.12.030 [Google Scholar]
37. Ghorbani R, Wilcockson S, Koocheki A, Leifert C. 37.  2008. Soil management for sustainable crop disease control: a review. Environ. Chem. Lett. 6:149–62 [Google Scholar]
38. Gomiero T, Pimentel D, Paoletti MG. 38.  2011. Environmental impact of different agricultural management practices: conventional versus organic agriculture. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 30:95–124 [Google Scholar]
39. Gosme M, de Villemandy M, Bazot M, Jeuffroy M-H. 39.  2012. Local and neighbourhood effects of organic and conventional wheat management on aphids, weeds, and foliar diseases. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 161:121–29 [Google Scholar]
40. Goud J-KC, Termorshuizen AJ, Blok WJ, van Bruggen AHC. 40.  2004. Long-term effect of biological soil disinfestation on Verticillium wilt. Plant Dis. 88:688–94 [Google Scholar]
41. Gravel V, Blok WJ, Hallman E, Carmona-Torres C, Wang J. 41.  et al. 2010. Differences in N uptake and fruit quality between organically and conventionally grown greenhouse tomatoes. Agron. Sust. Dev. 10:797–806 [Google Scholar]
42. Grünwald NJ, Hu S, van Bruggen AHC. 42.  2000. Short-term cover crop decomposition in organic and conventional soils: characterization of soil C, N, microbial and plant pathogen dynamics. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 106:37–50 [Google Scholar]
43. Hasna MK, Ögren E, Persson P, Mårtensson A, Rämert B. 43.  2009. Management of corky root disease of tomato in participation with organic tomato growers. Crop Prot. 28:155–61 [Google Scholar]
44. He M, Ma W, Tian G, Blok W, Khodzaeva A. 44.  et al. 2010. Daily changes of infections by Pythium ultimum after a nutrient impulse in organic versus conventional soils. Phytopathology 100:593–600 [Google Scholar]
45. He M, Tian G, Semenov AM, van Bruggen AHC. 45.  2012. Short-term fluctuations of sugar-beet damping-off by Pythium ultimum in relation to changes in bacterial communities after organic amendments to two soils. Phytopathology 102:413–20 [Google Scholar]
46. Hewavitharana SS, Ruddell D, Mazzola M. 46.  2014. Carbon source–dependent antifungal and nematicidal volatiles derived during anaerobic soil disinfestation. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 140:39–52 [Google Scholar]
47. Hiddink GA, Termorshuizen AJ, van Bruggen AHC. 47.  2010. Mixed cropping and suppression of soilborne diseases, a review. Genetic Engineering, Biofertilisation, Soil Quality and Organic Farming E Lichtfouse 119–46 Dordrecht, Neth: Springer [Google Scholar]
48. Hiddink GA, van Bruggen AHC, Termorshuizen AJ, Raaijmakers JM, Semenov AV. 48.  2005. Effect of organic management of soils on suppressiveness to Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici and its antagonist, Pseudomonas fluorescens. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 113:417–35 [Google Scholar]
49. Holb IJ. 49.  2010. Fungal disease management in organic apple orchards: epidemiological aspects and management approaches. Recent Developments in Management of Plant Diseases U Gisi, I Chet, ML Gullino 163–177 Dordrecht, Neth.: Springer [Google Scholar]
50. Holb IJ, Heijne B, Withagen JCM, Gáll JM, Jeger MJ. 50.  2005. Analysis of summer epidemic progress of apple scab in different apple production systems in the Netherlands and Hungary. Phytopathology 95:1001–20 [Google Scholar]
51. Huang X, Wen T, Zhang J, Meng L, Zhu T. 51.  et al. 2015. Toxic organic acids produced in biological soil disinfestation mainly caused the suppression of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense BioControl 60:113–24 [Google Scholar]
52. Jamieson AR. 52.  2006. Developing fruit cultivars for organic production systems: a review with examples from apple and strawberry. Can. J. Plant Sci. 86:1369–75 [Google Scholar]
53. Juan C, Moltó JC, Lino CM, Maňes J. 53.  2008. Determination of ochratoxin A in organic and non-organic cereals and cereal products from Spain and Portugal. Food Chem. 107:525–30 [Google Scholar]
54. Kasselaki AM, Goumas D, Tamm L, Fuchs J, Cooper J. 54.  et al. 2011. Effect of alternative strategies for the disinfection of tomato seed infected with bacterial canker (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis). Wagening. J. Life Sci. 58:145–47 [Google Scholar]
55. Kinkel LL, Schlatter DL, Bakker MG, Arenz BE. 55.  2012. Streptomyces competition and co-evolution in relation to plant disease suppression. Res. Microbiol. 163:490–99 [Google Scholar]
56. Klein E, Katan J, Gamliel A. 56.  2011. Soil suppressiveness to Fusarium disease following organic amendments and solarization. Plant Dis. 95:1116–23 [Google Scholar]
57. Klein E, Katan J, Gamliel A. 57.  2012. Soil suppressiveness to Meloidogyne javanica as induced by organic amendments and solarisation in greenhouse crops. Crop Prot. 39:26–32 [Google Scholar]
58. Kremen C, Miles C. 58.  2012. Ecosystem services in biologically diversified versus conventional farming systems: benefits, externalities, and trade-offs. Ecol. Soc. 17:40 [Google Scholar]
59. Kremer RJ, Means NE. 59.  2009. Glyphosate and glyphosate-resistant crop interactions with rhizosphere microorganisms. Euro. J. Agron. 31:153–61 [Google Scholar]
60. Kuepper G, Sullivan P. 60.  2004. Organic Alternatives for Late Blight Control in Potatoes Butte, MT: ATTRA https://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/summaries/summary.php?pub=123 [Google Scholar]
61. Kuepper G, Thomas R, Earles R. 61.  2001. Use of Baking Soda as a Fungicide Butte, MT: ATTRA https://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/summaries/summary.php?pub=126 [Google Scholar]
62. Lamers JG, Wanten P, Blok WJ. 62.  2004. Biological soil disinfestation: a safe and effective approach for controlling soilborne pests and diseases. Agroindustria 3:289–91 [Google Scholar]
63. Lammerts van Bueren ET, Struik PC, Jacobsen E. 63.  2003. Organic propagation of seed and planting material: an overview of problems and challenges for research. Wagening. J. Life Sci. 51:263–77 [Google Scholar]
64. Larkin RP. 64.  2015. Soil health paradigms and implications for disease management. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 53:199–221 [Google Scholar]
65. Lazarovits G, Tenuta M, Conn KL. 65.  2001. Organic amendments as a disease control strategy for soil-borne diseases of high-value agricultural crops. Australas. Plant Pathol. 30:111–17 [Google Scholar]
66. Leakey RRB. 66.  2014. The role of trees in agroecology and sustainable agriculture in the tropics. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 52:113–33 [Google Scholar]
67. Lemmens M, Haim K, Lew H, Ruckenbauer P. 67.  2004. The effect of nitrogen fertilization on Fusarium head blight development and deoxynivalenol contamination in wheat. J. Phytopathol. 152:1–8 [Google Scholar]
68. Leon MCC, Stone A, Dick RP. 68.  2006. Organic soil amendments: impacts on snap bean common root rot (Aphanomyes euteiches) and soil quality. Appl. Soil Ecol. 31:199–210 [Google Scholar]
69. Leoni C, de Vries M, ter Braak CJF, van Bruggen AHC, Rossing WAH. 69.  2013. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae dynamics: in-plant multiplication and crop sequence simulations. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 137:545–61 [Google Scholar]
70. Letourneau D, van Bruggen AHC. 70.  2006. Crop protection. Organic Agriculture: A Global Perspective P Kristiansen, A Taji, J Reganold 93–121 Clayton, Aust.: CSIRO Publ. [Google Scholar]
71. Lithourgidis AS, Dordas CA, Damalas CA, Vlachostergios DN. 71.  2011. Annual intercrops: an alternative pathway for sustainable agriculture. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 5:396–410 [Google Scholar]
72. Litterick AM, Harrier L, Wallace CA, Wood M. 72.  2004. The role of uncomposted materials, composts, manures, and compost extracts in reducing pest and disease incidence and severity in sustainable temperate agricultural and horticultural crop production: a review. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 23:453–79 [Google Scholar]
73. Liu B, Tu C, Hu S, Gumpertz M, Beagle Ristaino J. 73.  2007. Effects of organic, sustainable, and conventional management strategies in grower fields on soil physical, chemical, and biological factors and the incidence of Southern blight. Appl. Soil Ecol. 37:202–14 [Google Scholar]
74. Lorang JM, Liu D, Anderson NA, Schottel JL. 74.  1995. Identification of potato scab inducing and suppressive species of Streptomyces. Phytopathology 85:261–68 [Google Scholar]
75. Lotter D, Seidel R, Liebhardt W. 75.  2003. The performance of organic and conventional cropping systems in an extreme climate year. Am. J. Altern. Agric. 18:146–54 [Google Scholar]
76. Mäder P, Berner A. 76.  2012. Development of reduced tillage systems in organic farming in Europe. Renew. Agric. Food Syst. 27:7–11 [Google Scholar]
77. Mäder P, Fliessbach A, Dubois D, Gunst L, Fried P. 77.  et al. 2002. Soil fertility and biodiversity in organic farming. Science 296:1694–97 [Google Scholar]
78. Manici LM, Ciavatta C, Keldere M, Erschbaumer G. 78.  2003. Replant problems in South Tyrol: role of fungal pathogens and microbial population in conventional and organic apple orchards. Plant Soil 256:315–24 [Google Scholar]
79. Mansour A, Al-Banna L, Salem N, Alsmairat N. 79.  2014. Disease management of organic tomato under greenhouse conditions in the Jordan Valley. Crop Prot. 60:48–55 [Google Scholar]
80. Marzano SYL, Villamil MB, Wander MW, Ugarte CM, Wen L, Eastburn DM. 80.  2015. Organic transition effects on soilborne diseases of soybean and populations of Pseudomonadaceae. Agron. J. 107:1087–97 [Google Scholar]
81. Matthiessen JN, Kirkegaard JA. 81.  2006. Biofumigation and enhanced biodegradation: opportunity and challenge in soil borne pest and disease management. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 25:235–65 [Google Scholar]
82. Mazzola M. 82.  2002. Mechanisms of natural soil suppressiveness to soilborne diseases. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 81:557–64 [Google Scholar]
83. Mazzola M, Andrews PK, Reganold JP, Levesque CA. 83.  2002. Frequency, virulence, and metalaxyl sensitivity of Pythium spp. isolated from apple roots under conventional and organic production systems. Plant Dis. 86:669–75 [Google Scholar]
84. Messiha NAS, van Bruggen AHC, Franz E, Janse JD, Schoeman-Weerdesteijn ME. 84.  et al. 2009. Effects of soil type, management type and soil amendments on the survival of the potato brown rot bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. Appl. Soil Ecol. 43:206–15 [Google Scholar]
85. Messiha NAS, van Bruggen AHC, van Diepeningen AD, de Vos OJ, Termorshuizen AJ. 85.  et al. 2007. Potato brown rot incidence and severity under different management and amendment regimes in different soil types. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 119:367–81 [Google Scholar]
86. Messiha NAS, van Diepeningen AD, Wenneker M, van Beuningen AR, Janse JD. 86.  et al. 2007. Biological soil disinfestation (BSD), a new control method for potato brown rot, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 117:403–415 [Google Scholar]
87. Möller K, Habermeyer J, Zinkernagel V, Reents H-J. 87.  2007. Impact and interaction of nitrogen and Phytophthora infestans as yield-limiting and yield-reducing factors in organic potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crops. Potato. Res. 49:281–301 [Google Scholar]
88. Momma N. 88.  2008. Biological soil disinfestation (BSD) of soilborne pathogens and its possible mechanisms. Jpn. Agric. Res. Q. 42:7–12 [Google Scholar]
89. Mundt CC. 89.  2002. Use of multiline cultivars and cultivar mixtures for disease management. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 40:381–410 [Google Scholar]
90. Neilson GH, Lowery DT, Forge TA, Neilson D. 90.  2009. Organic fruit production in British Columbia. Can. J. Plant Sci. 89:677–92 [Google Scholar]
91. Njoroge SMC, Kabir Z, Martin FN, Koike ST, Subbarao KV. 91.  2009. Comparison of crop rotation for Verticillium wilt management and effect on Pythium species in conventional and organic strawberry production. Plant Dis. 93:519–27 [Google Scholar]
92. Northover J, Timmer LW. 92.  2002. Control of plant diseases with petroleum and plant-derived oils. Spray Oils Beyond 2000 GAC Beattie, DM Watson, ML Stevens, DJ Rae, RN Spooner-Hart 512–26 Sydney, Aust.: Univ. West. Syd. Press [Google Scholar]
93. Oehl F, Sieverding E, Mäder P, Dubois D, Ineichen K. 93.  et al. 2004. Impact of long-term conventional and organic farming on the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Oecologia 138:574–83 [Google Scholar]
94. Pankhurst CE, McDonald HJ, Hawke BG, Kirkby CA. 94.  2002. Effect of tillage and stubble management on chemical and microbiological properties and the development of suppression towards cereal root disease in soils from two sites in NSW, Australia. Soil Biol. Biochem. 34:833–40 [Google Scholar]
95. Parlevliet JE. 95.  2002. Durability of resistance against fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens; present situation. Euphytica 124:147–56 [Google Scholar]
96. Polston JF, Lapidot M. 96.  2007. Management of tomato yellow leaf curl virus. Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Disease H Czonek 251–62 Dordrecht, Neth.: Springer [Google Scholar]
97. Postma J, Hospers M, Colon L. 97.  2004. Rhizoctonia-decline in aardappelen in de biologische landbouw. Met eigen pootgoed minder Rhizoctonia Nota 2284. Wageningen, Neth: Plant Res. Int http://edepot.wur.nl/19740 [Google Scholar]
98. Poudel DD, Horwath WR, Lanini WT, Temple SR, van Bruggen AHC. 98.  2002. Comparison of soil N availability and leaching potential, crop yields and weeds in organic, low-input and conventional farming systems in northern California. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 90:125–37 [Google Scholar]
99. Roberts DP, Lakshman DK, Maul JE, McKenna LF, Buyer JS. 99.  et al. 2014. Control of damping-off of organic and conventional cucumber with extracts from a plant-associated bacterium rivals a seed treatment pesticide. Crop Prot. 65:86–94 [Google Scholar]
100. Rodriguez RJ, White JF Jr., Arnold AE, Redman RS. 100.  2009. Fungal endophytes: diversity and functional roles. New Phytol. 182:314–30 [Google Scholar]
101. Saucke H, Döring TF. 101.  2004. Potato virus Y reduction by straw mulch in organic potatoes. Ann. Appl. Biol. 144:347–55 [Google Scholar]
102. Scheuerell S, Mahaffee W. 102.  2002. Compost tea: principles and prospects for plant disease control. Compost Sci. Util. 10:313–38 [Google Scholar]
103. Schillinger WF, Paulitz TC. 103.  2013. Natural suppression of Rhizoctonia bare patch in a long-term no-till cropping systems experiment. Plant Dis. 98:389–94 [Google Scholar]
104. Schmitt A, Koch E, Stephan D, Kromphardt C, Jahn M. 104.  et al. 2009. Evaluation of non-chemical seed treatment methods for the control of Phoma valerianellae on lamb's lettuce seeds. J. Plant Dis. Prot. 116:200–7 [Google Scholar]
105. Schollenberger M, Jara HT, Suchy S, Drochner W, Mueller HM. 105.  2002. Fusarium toxins in wheat flour collected in an area in southwest Germany. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 72:85–89 [Google Scholar]
106. Schuster DJ, Thompson S, Ortega LD, Polston JE. 106.  2009. Laboratory evaluation of products to reduce settling of sweetpotato whitefly adults. J. Econ. Entomol. 102:1482–89 [Google Scholar]
107. Scialabba NE-H. 107.  2007. Organic agriculture and food security. Int. Conf. Org. Agric. Food Secur. Rome, May 3–5, OFS/2007/5. Rome: FAO Interdep. Work. Group Org. Agric. 22 pp. http://usc-canada.org/UserFiles/File/organic-agriculture-and-food-security.pdf [Google Scholar]
108. Senechkin IV, Speksnijder AGCL, Semenov AM, van Bruggen AHC, van Overbeek LS. 108.  2010. Isolation and partial characterization of bacterial strains on low organic carbon medium from soils fertilized with different organic amendments. Microb. Ecol. 60:829–39 [Google Scholar]
109. Senechkin IV, van Overbeek L, van Bruggen AHC. 109.  2014. Greater Fusarium wilt suppression after complex than after simple organic amendments as affected by soil pH, total carbon and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Appl. Soil Ecol. 73:148–55 [Google Scholar]
110. Sharma K, Bruns C, Butz AF, Finckh MR. 110.  2012. Effects of fertilizers and plant strengtheners on the susceptibility of tomatoes to single and mixed isolates of Phytophthora infestans. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 133:739–51 [Google Scholar]
111. Shrestha G, Prajapati S, Mahato BN. 111.  2014. Plant diseases and their management practices in commercial organic and conventional vegetable farms in Kathmandu valley. Nep. J. Agric. Sci. 12:129–41 [Google Scholar]
112. Shtienberg D, Elad Y, Bornstein M, Ziv G, Grava A. 112.  et al. 2010. Polyethylene mulch modifies greenhouse microclimate and reduces infection of Phytophthora infestans in tomato and Pseudoperonospora cubensis in cucumber. Phytopathology 100:97–104 [Google Scholar]
113. Skelsey P, Rossing WAH, Kessel GJ, Powell J, van der Werf W. 113.  2005. Influence of host diversity on development of epidemics: an evaluation and elaboration of mixture theory. Phytopathology 95:328–38 [Google Scholar]
114. Slusarenko AJ, Patel A, Portz D. 114.  2008. Control of plant diseases by natural products: allicin from garlic as a case study. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 121:313–22 [Google Scholar]
115. Souza AGC, Maffia LA, Silva EF, Mizubuti ESG, Teizeira H. 115.  2015. A time series analysis of brown eye spot progress in conventional and organic coffee production systems. Plant Pathol. 64:157–66 [Google Scholar]
116. Speiser B, Tamm L, Amsler T, Lambion J, Bertrand C. 116.  et al. 2006. Improvement of late blight management in organic potato production systems in Europe: field tests with more resistant potato varieties and copper based fungicides. Biol. Agric. Hortic. 23:393–412 [Google Scholar]
117. Stapleton JJ, Summers CG. 117.  2002. Reflective mulches for management of aphids and aphid-borne virus diseases in late-season cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. var. cantalupensis). Crop Prot. 21:891–98 [Google Scholar]
118. Tamm L, Thürig B, Bruns C, Fuchs JG, Köpke U. 118.  et al. 2010. Soil type, management history, and soil amendments influence the development of soil-borne (Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum) and air-borne (Phytophthora infestans, Hyaloperonospora parasitica) diseases. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 127:465–81 [Google Scholar]
119. Tamm L, Thürig B, Fliessbach A, Goltlieb AE, Karavani S. 119.  et al. 2011. Elicitors and soil management to induce resistance against fungal plant diseases. Wagening. J. Life Sci. 58:131–37 [Google Scholar]
120. Thrall PH, Burdon JJ. 120.  1999. The spatial scale of pathogen dispersal: consequences for disease dynamics and persistence. Evol. Ecol. Res. 1:681–701 [Google Scholar]
121. Thuerig B, Binder A, Boller T, Guyer U, Jiménez S. 121.  et al. 2006. An aqueous extract of the dry mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum induces resistance in several crops under controlled and field conditions. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 114:185–97 [Google Scholar]
122. Tsror L, Barak R, Sneh B. 122.  2001. Biological control of black scurf on potato under organic management. Crop Prot. 20:145–50 [Google Scholar]
123. Tuck SL, Winqvist C, Mota F, Ahnström J, Turnbull LA. 123.  et al. 2014. Land-use intensity and the effects of organic farming on biodiversity: a hierarchical meta-analysis. J. Appl. Ecol. 51:746–55 [Google Scholar]
124. 124. United States Dep. Agric. (USDA) 2011. National Organic Program Handbook. Washington, DC: USDA Agric. Mark. Serv http://www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/organic/handbook [Google Scholar]
125. Vallad GE, Goodman RM. 125.  2004. Systemic acquired resistance and induced systemic resistance in conventional agriculture. Crop Sci. 44:1920–34 [Google Scholar]
126. van Bruggen AHC. 126.  1995. Plant disease severity in high-input compared to reduced-input and organic farming systems. Plant Dis. 79:976–84 [Google Scholar]
127. van Bruggen AHC, Francis IM, Jochimsen KN. 127.  2014. Non-pathogenic rhizosphere bacteria belonging to the genera Rhizorhapis and Sphingobium provide specific control of lettuce corky root disease caused by the same but not different genera. Plant Pathol. 63:1384–94 [Google Scholar]
128. van Bruggen AHC, Francis I, Krag R. 128.  2015. The vicious cycle of lettuce corky root disease: effects of farming system, nitrogen fertilizer and herbicide. Plant Soil 388:119–32 [Google Scholar]
129. van Bruggen AHC, Gamliel A, Finckh MR. 129.  2015. Plant disease management in organic farming systems. Pest Manag. Sci. 72:30–44 [Google Scholar]
130. van Bruggen AHC, Narouei- Khandan HA, Gravel V, Blok WJ. 130.  2016. Corky root severity, root knot nematode galling and microbial communities in soil, rhizosphere and rhizoplane in organic and conventional greenhouse compartments. Appl. Soil Ecol. 100:112–23 [Google Scholar]
131. van Bruggen AHC, Ochoa O, Francis IM, Michelmore RW. 131.  2014. Differential interactions between strains of Rhizorhapis, Sphingobium, Sphingopyxis or Rhizorhabdus and accessions of Lactuca spp. with respect to severity of corky root disease. Plant Pathol. 63:1053–61 [Google Scholar]
132. van Bruggen AHC, Semenov AM. 132.  2000. In search of biological indicators for soil health and disease suppression. Appl. Soil Ecol. 15:13–24 [Google Scholar]
133. van Bruggen AHC, Semenov AM, van Diepeningen AD, de Vos OJ, Blok WJ. 133.  2006. Relation between soil health, wave-like fluctuations in microbial populations, and soil-borne plant disease management. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 115:105–22 [Google Scholar]
134. van Bruggen AHC, Sharma K, Kaku E, Karfopoulos S, Zelenev VV, Blok WJ. 134.  2015. Soil health indicators and Fusarium wilt suppression in organically managed greenhouse soils. Appl. Soil Ecol. 86:192–201 [Google Scholar]
135. van Bruggen AHC, Termorshuizen AJ. 135.  2003. Integrated approaches to root disease management in organic farming systems. Australas. Plant Pathol. 32:141–56 [Google Scholar]
136. van Diepeningen AD, de Vos OJ, Korthals GW, van Bruggen AHC. 136.  2006. Effects of organic versus conventional management on chemical and biological parameters in agricultural soils. Appl. Soil Ecol. 31:120–35 [Google Scholar]
137. van Diepeningen AD, de Vos OJ, Zelenev VV, Semenov AM, van Bruggen AHC. 137.  2005. DGGE fragments oscillate with or counter to fluctuations of cultivable bacteria along wheat roots. Microb. Ecol. 50:506–17 [Google Scholar]
138. Vannacci G, Gullino ML. 138.  2000. Use of biocontrol agents against soil-borne pathogens: results and limitations. Acta Hortic. 532:79–87 [Google Scholar]
139. Verbruggen E, Roling WFM, Gamper HA, Kowalchuk GA, Verhoef HA. 139.  et al. 2010. Positive effects of organic farming on below-ground mutualists: large-scale comparison of mycorrhizal fungal communities in agricultural soils. New Phytol. 186:968–79 [Google Scholar]
140. Walters DR, Bingham IJ. 140.  2007. Influence of nutrition on disease development caused by fungal pathogens: implications for plant disease control. Ann. Appl. Biol. 151:307–24 [Google Scholar]
141. Wightwick AM, Mollah MR, Partington DL, Allinson G. 141.  2008. Copper fungicide residues in Australian vineyard soils. J. Agric. Food Chem. 56:2457–64 [Google Scholar]
142. Willer H, Lernoud J. 142.  2015. The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2015. Bonn, Ger.: FiBL and IFOAM [Google Scholar]
143. Winter CK, Davis SF. 143.  2006. Organic Foods. J. Food Sci. 71:R117–24 [Google Scholar]
144. Yang CH, Crowley DE, Menge JA. 144.  2001. 16S rDNA fingerprinting of rhizosphere bacterial communities associated with healthy and Phytophthora infected avocado roots. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 35:129–36 [Google Scholar]
145. Yang M, Zhang Y, Qi L, Mei X, Liao J. 145.  et al. 2014. Plant–plant-microbe mechanisms involved in soil-borne disease suppression on a maize and pepper intercropping system. PLOS ONE 9:e115052 [Google Scholar]
146. Yildiz A, Benlioglu S, Boz O, Benlioglu K. 146.  2010. Use of different plastics for soil solarization in strawberry growth and time-temperature relationships for the control of Macrophomina phaseolina and weeds. Phytoparasitica 38:463–73 [Google Scholar]
147. Yogev A, Laor Y, Katan J, Hadar Y, Cohen R. 147.  et al. 2011. Does organic farming increase soil suppression against Fusarium wilt of melon?. Org. Agric. 1:203–16 [Google Scholar]
148. Zadoks JC, Schein RD. 148.  1979. Epidemiology and Plant Disease Management New York: Oxford Univ. Press.427 [Google Scholar]
149. Zelenev VV, van Bruggen AHC, Leffelaar PA, Bloem J, Semenov AM. 149.  2006. Oscillating dynamics of bacterial populations and their predators in response to fresh organic matter added to soil: the simulation model “BACWAVE-WEB”. Soil Biol. Biochem. 38:1690–711 [Google Scholar]
150. Zelenev VV, van Bruggen AHC, Semenov AM. 150.  2005. Short-term wavelike dynamics of bacterial populations in response to nutrient input from fresh plant residues. Microb. Ecol. 49:83–93 [Google Scholar]
151. Ziv O, Zitter TA. 151.  1992. Effects of bicarbonates and film-forming polymers on cucurbit foliar diseases. Plant Dis. 76:513–17 [Google Scholar]