Perspectives on the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems

Literature Cited

1. Adams J, Merrill S, Grofman B. 2005. A Unified Theory of Party Competition: A Cross-National Analysis Integrating Spatial and Behavioral Factors New York: Cambridge Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
2. Arrow K. 1963 (1951). Social Choice and Individual Values New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press, 2nd ed.. [Google Scholar]
3. Balinksi M, Laraki R. 2010. Majority Judgment: Measuring, Ranking, and Electing Cambridge, MA: MIT Press [Google Scholar]
4. Banzhaf JF. 1965. Weighted voting doesn't work: a mathematical analysis. Rutgers Law Rev. 19:317–43 [Google Scholar]
5. Baujard A, Igersheim H, Lebon I, Gavrel F, Laslier J-F. 2014. Evaluative voting: an experiment during the 2012 French presidential election. Elect. Stud. 34:131–45 [Google Scholar]
6. Birch S. 2007. Electoral systems and electoral misconduct. Comp. Polit. Stud. 40:1533–56 [Google Scholar]
7. Birch S. 2011. Electoral Malpractice Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
8. Blais A. 2006. What affects voter turnout?. Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci. 9:111–25 [Google Scholar]
9. Blais A, Aarts K. 2006. Electoral systems and turnout. Acta Polit. 41:180–96 [Google Scholar]
10. Blais A, Laslier J-F, Van der Straeten K. 2013. Vote au pluriel: How do people vote when offered to vote under different rules?. PS: Polit. Sci. Polit. 46:2324–28 [Google Scholar]
11. Bochsler D. 2010. Territory and Electoral Rules in Post-Communist Democracies London: Palgrave Macmillan [Google Scholar]
12. Bowler S, Grofman B, Blais A. 2008. Duverger's Law in the United States. See Grofman et al. 2008a 135–36
13. Brockington D. 2004. The paradox of proportional representation: the effect of party systems and coalitions on individuals' electoral participation. Polit. Stud. 52:469–90 [Google Scholar]
14. Brunell T, Grofman B, Merrill S III. 2016a. Replacement in the U.S. House: an outlier-chasing model. Party Polit. In press [Google Scholar]
15. Brunell T, Grofman B, Merrill S III. 2016b. A three factor model of party legislative polarization. J. Theor. Polit. In press [Google Scholar]
16. Budge I, McDonald MD. 2007. Election and party system effects on policy representation: bringing time into a comparative perspective. Elect. Stud. 26:168–79 [Google Scholar]
17. Carey J, Hix S. 2011. The electoral sweet spot: low-magnitude proportional representation systems. Am. J. Polit. Sci. 55:2383–97 [Google Scholar]
18. Carey J, Hix S. 2012. Policy consequences of electoral rules. See Htun & Powell 2012b 106–27
19. Carey J, Shugart M. 1995. Incentives to cultivate a personal vote: a rank ordering of electoral formulas. Elect. Stud. 14:4417–40 [Google Scholar]
20. Caulier J-F, Dumont P. 2010. Measuring one-party dominance with voting power indices. Dominant Political Parties and Democracy M Bogaards, F Boucek 45–59 London: Routledge [Google Scholar]
21. Cautres B, D'Alimonte R, DeSio L, Grofman B. 2016. The rise and fall(?) of two bloc politics in France and Italy Presented at Conf. Duverger's Law in 60 Year Perspective, Fréjus, France, May 26–27 [Google Scholar]
22. Clark WR, Golder M. 2006. Rehabilitating Duverger's theory: testing the mechanical and strategic modifying effects of electoral laws. Comp. Polit. Stud. 39:679–708 [Google Scholar]
23. Colomer J. 2004. The strategy and history of electoral system choice. Handbook of Electoral Design J Colomer 3–80 London: Palgrave [Google Scholar]
24. Cox GW. 1997. Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World's Electoral Systems New York and London: Cambridge Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
25. Dalton R, Farrell DM, McAllister I. 2011. Political Parties and Democratic Linkages: How Parties Organize Democracy New York and London: Oxford Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
26. Dolez B, Grofman B, Laurent A. 2011. In Situ and Laboratory Experiments on Electoral Law Reform: French Presidential Elections New York: Springer [Google Scholar]
27. Downs A. 1957. An Economic Model of Democracy New York: Harper & Row [Google Scholar]
28. Dumont P, Caulier J-F. 2003. The “effective number of relevant parties”: how voting power improves Laakso-Taagepera's index CEREC-FUSL Work. Pap. No. 2003/7. http://centres.fusl.ac.be/CEREC/document/people/caulier/enrp.pdf [Google Scholar]
29. Duverger M. 1954. Party Politics New York: Wiley [Google Scholar]
30. Feld SL, Grofman B. 2007. The Laakso-Taagepera Index in a means and variance framework. J. Theor. Polit. 19:1101–6 [Google Scholar]
31. Ferree K, Powell GB, Scheiner E. 2012. How context shapes electoral rule effects. See Htun & Powell 2012b 33–84
32. Franklin M. 2004. Voter Turnout and the Dynamics of Electoral Competition in Established Democracies New York: Cambridge Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
33. Gaines BJ, Taagepera R. 2013. How to operationalize two-partyness. J. Elections Public Opin. Parties 101–18 [Google Scholar]
34. Gallagher M. 1991. Proportionality, disproportionality and electoral systems. Elect. Stud. 10:33–51 [Google Scholar]
35. Gallagher M, Mitchell P. 2005. The Politics of Electoral Systems Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
36. Giannetti D, Grofman B. 2011. A Natural Experiment on Electoral Law Reform: Evaluating the Long Run Consequences of 1990s Electoral Reform in Italy and Japan New York: Springer [Google Scholar]
37. Giannetti D, Grofman B, Reed SR. 2015. Studying electoral engineering via a double-barrelled natural experiment: comparing the long run consequences of 1990s electoral reform in Italy and Japan. Italy and Japan: How Similar are They? S Beretta, A Berkofsy, F Rugge 161–82 New York: Springer [Google Scholar]
38. Golder M. 2005. Democratic electoral systems around the world, 1946–2000. Elect. Stud. 24:103–21 [Google Scholar]
39. Golder M, Stamski J. 2010. Ideological congruence and electoral institutions. Am. J. Polit. Sci. 54:190–106 [Google Scholar]
40. Grofman B. 1983. Measures of bias and proportionality in seats-votes relationships. Polit. Methodol. 9:295–327 [Google Scholar]
41. Grofman B. 1999. Preface: methodological steps toward the study of embedded institutions. Elections in Japan, Korea and Taiwan under the Single Non-Transferable Vote: The Comparative Study of an Embedded Institution B Grofman, S-C Lee, E Winckler, B Woodall ix–xvii Ann Arbor: Univ. Mich. Press [Google Scholar]
42. Grofman B. 2001. A note of caution in interpreting the threshold of exclusion. Elect. Stud. 20:299–303 [Google Scholar]
43. Grofman B. 2004. Downs and two-party convergence. Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci. 7:25–46 [Google Scholar]
44. Grofman B. 2005. Comparisons among electoral systems: distinguishing between localism and candidate-centered politics. Elect. Stud. 24:4735–740 [Google Scholar]
45. Grofman B. 2007. Electoral and party systems Presented at Colloq. Inst. Res. Gov. Econ. Inst., Dep. Econ., Univ. Paris, II [Google Scholar]
46. Grofman B. 2008. A taxonomy of runoff methods. Elect. Stud. 27:395–99 [Google Scholar]
47. Grofman B. 2011. Electoral systems. International Handbook of Political Science B Badie, D Berg-Schlosser, L Morlino 49–56 Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage [Google Scholar]
48. Grofman B. 2013. Electoral rules and ethnic representation and accommodation: combining social choice and electoral system perspectives. Power Sharing in Deeply Divided Places J McEvoy, B O'Leary 67–93 Philadelphia: Univ. Penn. Press [Google Scholar]
49. Grofman B, Bowler S. 1997. STV in the family of electoral systems. Representation 34:143–47 [Google Scholar]
50. Grofman B, Bowler S, Blais A. 2008a. Duverger's Law in Canada, India, the U.S. and the U.K Berlin: Springer Verlag [Google Scholar]
51. Grofman B, Bowler S, Blais A. 2008b. Editors' introduction. See Grofman et al. 2008a 1–12
52. Grofman B, Feld SL. 2004. If you like the alternative vote (a.k.a. the instant runoff) then you ought to know about the Coombs rule. Elect. Stud. 23:641–59 [Google Scholar]
53. Grofman B, Feld SL, Fraenkel J. 2016. Finding the threshold of exclusion for all single seat and multiseat scoring rules: illustrated by results for the Borda and Dowdall rules. Math. Soc. Sci. In press [Google Scholar]
54. Grofman B, Kline R. 2012. How many political parties are there, really? A new measure of the ideologically cognizable number of parties/party groupings. Party Polit. 18:523–44 [Google Scholar]
55. Grofman B, Lijphart A. 1986. Editors' introduction. Electoral Laws and Their Political Consequences1–17 New York: Agathon [Google Scholar]
56. Grofman B, Selb P. 2009. A fully general index of political competition. Elect. Stud. 28:2291–96 [Google Scholar]
57. Grofman B, Selb P. 2011. Turnout and the (effective) number of parties at the national and at the district level: a puzzle solving approach. Party Polit. 17:193–117 [Google Scholar]
58. Handley L, Grofman B. 2008. Redistricting in Comparative Perspective Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
59. Htun M, Powell GB. 2012a. Introduction and overview. See Htun & Powell 2012b 3–32
60. Htun M, Powell GB. 2012b. Report of the APSA Presidential Task Force on Electoral Rules and Democratic Governance Washington, DC: Am. Polit. Sci. Assoc. [Google Scholar]
61. Iversen T, Soskice D. 2006. Electoral institutions and the politics of coalitions: why some democracies redistribute more than others. Am. Polit. Sci. Rev. 100:2165–81 [Google Scholar]
62. Kedar O, Harsgor L, Sheinerman RA. 2014. Are voters equal under proportional representation? Unpublished manuscript, Hebrew Univ. Jerusalem [Google Scholar]
63. Kline R. 2009. How we count counts: the empirical effects of using coalitional potential to measure the effective number of parties. Elect. Stud. 4:523–44 [Google Scholar]
64. Klingemann H-D. 2009. The Comparative Study of Electoral Systems Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
65. Krook M, Moser R. 2012. How electoral rules affect descriptive representation. See Htun & Powell 2012b 85–105
66. Kurrild-Klitgard P. 2013. Election inversions, coalitions and proportional representation: examples of voting paradoxes in Danish government formations. Scand. Polit. Stud. 36:2121–36 [Google Scholar]
67. Laakso M, Taagepera R. 1979. Effective number of parties: a measure with application to West Europe. Comp. Polit. Stud. 12:3–27 [Google Scholar]
68. Lijphart A. 1994. Electoral Systems and Party Systems: A Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies, 1945–1990 Oxford, UK and New York: Oxford Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
69. Lijphart A, Gibberd RW. 1977. Thresholds and payoffs in list systems of proportional representation. Eur. J. Polit. Res. 5:219–44 [Google Scholar]
70. Loosemore J, Hanby VJ. 1971. The theoretical limits of maximum distortion: some analytic expressions for electoral systems. Br. J. Polit. Sci. 1:467–77 [Google Scholar]
71. Lublin D. 2014. Minority Rules: Electoral Systems, Decentralization, and Ethnoregional Parties New York: Oxford Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
72. McCarty N, Poole K, Rosenthal H. 2006. Polarized America Cambridge, MA: MIT Press [Google Scholar]
73. Merrill S, Brunell T, Grofman B. 2014. Modeling the electoral dynamics of party polarization in two-party legislatures. J. Theor. Polit. 26:548–72 [Google Scholar]
74. Moser RG, Scheiner E. 2013. Electoral Systems and Political Context: How the Effects of Rules Vary Across New and Established Democracies New York and London: Cambridge Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
75. Norris P. 2004. Electoral Engineering: Voting Rules and Political Behavior New York: Cambridge Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
76. Persson T, Tabellini G. 2002. Political Economics: Explaining Economic Policy Cambridge, MA: MIT Press [Google Scholar]
77. Persson T, Tabellini G. 2005. The Economic Effects of Constitutions Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
78. Powell GB. 2000. Elections as Instruments of Democracy: Majoritarian and Proportional Visions New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
79. Rae D. 1967. Political Consequences of Electoral Laws New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
80. Rae D, Hanby V, Loosemore J. 1971. Thresholds of representation and thresholds of exclusion: an analytic note on electoral systems. Comp. Polit. Stud. 3:479–88 [Google Scholar]
81. Rehfeld A, Schwartzberg M, Htun M. 2012. Electoral institutions and democratic values. See Htun & Powell 2012b 33–84
82. Reynolds A, Reilly B, Ellis A. 2005. Electoral System Design: The New International IDEA Handbook Stockholm, Sweden: Int. IDEA [Google Scholar]
83. Reynolds A, Steenbergen M. 2006. How the world votes: the political consequences of ballot design, innovation and manipulation. Elect. Stud. 25:570–98 [Google Scholar]
84. Rogowski R. 2004. The economic policy consequences of electoral systems. Annu. Harry Eckstein Mem. Lect., Univ. Calif., Irvine Cent. Stud. Democr., Febr.
85. Saari DG. 2008. Disposing Dictators, Demystifying Voting Paradoxes: Social Choice Analysis Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
86. Schedler A. 2002. The menu of manipulation. J. Democr. 13:236–50 [Google Scholar]
87. Schedler A. 2006. Electoral Authoritarianism: The Dynamics of Unfree Competition Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner [Google Scholar]
88. Scheiner E, Tronconi F. 2011. Electoral reform in Italy and Japan: unanticipated outcomes?. A Natural Experiment on Electoral Law Reform: Evaluating the Long Run Consequences of 1990s Electoral Reform in Italy and Japan D Giannetti, B Grofman 97–114 New York: Springer [Google Scholar]
89. Shugart M, Wattenberg M. 2001. Mixed member electoral systems: a definition and typology. Mixed Member Systems: The Best of Both Worlds? M Shugart, M Wattenberg 9–24 Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
90. Taagepera R. 2007. Predicting Party Sizes: The Logic of Simple Electoral Systems Oxford, UK and New York: Oxford Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
91. Taagepera R. 2008. Making Social Sciences More Scientific: The Need for Predictive Models Oxford, UK and New York: Oxford Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
92. Taagepera R, Shugart M. 1989. Seats and Votes: The Effects and Determinants of Electoral Systems New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
93. Tan N. 2013. Manipulating electoral laws in Singapore. Elect. Stud. 32:4632–43 [Google Scholar]
94. Tan N, Grofman B. 2014. Multiseat plurality bloc voting in electoral authoritarian regimes: comparing Singapore, Cameroon, Djibouti, and Chad Presented at Annu. Meet. Asian Stud. Assoc., Singapore, July 17–19 [Google Scholar]
95. Tan N, Grofman B. 2015. The electoral authoritarian's subtle toolkit: evidence from Singapore Presented at Colloq. Progr. Decision Sci., Univ. Konstanz, June 22 [Google Scholar]
96. Taylor PJ. 1984. The case for proportional tenure. Choosing an Electoral System A Lijphart, B Grofman 53–58 New York: Praeger [Google Scholar]
97. Winer S, Ferris S, Grofman B. 2014. On the measurement of electoral competitiveness, with application to Canada, 1867–2011 Presented at Annu. Conf. Public Econ. Theory, Seattle, July 11–13 [Google Scholar]
98. Wuffle A. 1986. Reflections on academia. PS: Polit. Sci. Polit. 19:57–61 [Google Scholar]
99. Wuffle A. 2015. Reflections on methodology. PS: Polit. Sci. Polit. 48:1176–82 [Google Scholar]