Nucleic Acid Biotechnology

Driven by advances in the acquisition of genetic sequence information and the ability to manipulate small quantities of nucleic acid, a number of technologies are emerging that exploit nucleic acids for research, diagnostic, and therapeutic utility. In this review, we cover three technologies based on nucleic acids—DNA microarrays, antisense technology, and gene therapy—that are especially promising and may make a substantial impact in the laboratory and in the clinic during the coming years. For each of these areas, an overview of the current status and applications is provided, followed by a discussion of critical issues and challenges to be faced for further advancement of the technology; an emphasis is placed on quantitative and engineering aspects.