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- Volume 1, 2014
Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior - Volume 1, 2014
Volume 1, 2014
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Intercultural Competence
Kwok Leung, Soon Ang, and Mei Ling TanVol. 1 (2014), pp. 489–519More LessWe review recent theoretical and empirical developments in the intercultural competencies literature, highlighting contemporary models and empirical research in organizational contexts. We survey the current conceptualizations of intercultural competencies and propose that intercultural competencies can be classified based on traits, attitudes and worldviews, capabilities, or a combination of these dimensions. We identify key psychological, behavioral, and performance outcomes associated with these models. We review empirical studies of intercultural competencies at the group level and discuss emerging models of dyad-level, firm-level, and multilevel intercultural competencies. We evaluate the current measurement of intercultural competencies and suggest alternative approaches. Finally, we examine research on selection, training, and development of intercultural competencies. We end each section by identifying future research foci, and we offer an integration of the literature at the end of the review.
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Pay Dispersion
Vol. 1 (2014), pp. 521–544More LessThis article describes and evaluates the substantial literature on the performance-, turnover-, and attitude-related outcomes of pay dispersion. In the past 15 years, compensation researchers have identified and pursued the resolution of well-known theoretical dilemmas about reward allocations and, as a result, have made much progress in terms of understanding the consequences of pay structures. This review explores the evolution of several contingencies of these relationships, including the effects of explained versus unexplained variation in pay, the role of work interdependence, and the nature of other pay-system characteristics. The article concludes with a summary evaluation, the proposal of several stylized facts about the consequences of pay dispersion, and a research agenda to aid researchers in addressing unresolved issues in the literature.
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Constructively Managing Conflicts in Organizations
Vol. 1 (2014), pp. 545–568More LessResearchers have used various concepts to understand the conditions and dynamics by which conflict can be managed constructively. This review proposes that the variety of terms obscures consistent findings that open-minded discussions in which protagonists freely express their own views, listen and understand opposing ones, and then integrate them promote constructive conflict. Studies from several traditions also suggest that mutual benefit relationships are critical antecedents for open-minded discussion. This integration of research findings identifies the skills and relationships that can help managers and employees deal with their increasingly complex conflicts. Research is needed to deepen our understanding of the dynamics of open-minded discussion and the conditions that promote it as well as when open-mindedness is inappropriate. Training studies can test and show how the model of open-minded discussion supported by mutual benefit relationships can be applied in cross-cultural and other challenging settings.
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An Ounce of Prevention Is Worth a Pound of Cure: Improving Research Quality Before Data Collection
Vol. 1 (2014), pp. 569–595More LessWe rely on classic as well as recently published sources to offer a review of theory, research design, and measurement issues that should be considered prior to conducting any empirical study. First, we examine theory-related issues that should be addressed before research design and measurement considerations. Specifically, we discuss how to make meaningful theoretical progress including the use of inductive and deductive approaches, address an important issue, and conduct research with a practical end in mind. Second, we offer recommendations regarding research design, including how to address the low statistical power challenge, design studies that strengthen inferences about causal relationships, and use control variables appropriately. Finally, we address measurement issues. Specifically, we discuss how to improve the link between underlying constructs and their observable indicators. Our review offers a checklist for use by researchers to improve research quality prior to data collection and by journal editors and reviewers to evaluate the quality of submitted manuscripts.
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