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Annual Review of Physiology

Volume 85, 2023

Endoplasmic Reticulum–Plasma Membrane Junctions as Sites of Depolarization-Induced Ca2+ Signaling in Excitable Cells

Abstract

Membrane contact sites between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane (PM), or ER-PM junctions, are found in all eukaryotic cells. In excitable cells they play unique roles in organizing diverse forms of Ca2+ signaling as triggered by membrane depolarization. ER-PM junctions underlie crucial physiological processes such as excitation-contraction coupling, smooth muscle contraction and relaxation, and various forms of activity-dependent signaling and plasticity in neurons. In many cases the structure and molecular composition of ER-PM junctions in excitable cells comprise important regulatory feedback loops linking depolarization-induced Ca2+ signaling at these sites to the regulation of membrane potential. Here, we describe recent findings on physiological roles and molecular composition of native ER-PM junctions in excitable cells. We focus on recent studies that provide new insights into canonical forms of depolarization-induced Ca2+ signaling occurring at junctional triads and dyads of striated muscle, as well as the diversity of ER-PM junctions in these cells and in smooth muscle and neurons.

Keyword(s): cardiac muscle, ion channel, membrane contact sites, neuron, second messenger, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-physiol-032122-104610
2023-02-10
2024-04-28
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Endoplasmic Reticulum–Plasma Membrane Junctions as Sites of Depolarization-Induced Ca2+ Signaling in Excitable Cells
Annual Review of Physiology 85, 217 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-032122-104610
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-physiol-032122-104610
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