1932
0
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Annual Review of Anthropology
  4. Volume 45, 2016
  5. Article

Annual Review of Anthropology

Volume 45, 2016

Unfree Labor

Abstract

This review examines the ambiguous condition of unfree labor in modern, Fordist, or postindustrial systems of exploitation. Unfree labor is reviewed across two multidisciplinary strands of research. The first pertains to forms of coercion and exploitation of labor in situations of human mobility or bondage—so-called modern-day slavery and human trafficking. The second attends to the effects of precariousness and dependency conceived at the interstice of recent theorizations of affect and belonging. Whereas the first case is framed as an exception, morally and legally condemned, the second is presented as a new ordinary form of inequality. A theoretical and empirical engagement that straddles both literatures under the prism of unfree labor consolidates this renewed anthropological focus on work. This review suggests that the objectification and dehumanization of labor should be placed back at the heart of anthropological reflection to pave the way for a refined scrutiny of exploitation, inequality, and dispossession.

Keyword(s): debt, exploitation, ethical work, invisibility, precarity, slavery
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102215-100307
2016-10-21
2024-06-14
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/anthro/45/1/annurev-anthro-102215-100307.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102215-100307&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. Adams V. 2013. Markets of Sorrow, Labors of Faith: New Orleans in the Wake of Katrina Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  2. Agustín LM. 2007. Sex at the Margins: Migration, Labour Markets and the Rescue Industry London: Zed Books [Google Scholar]
  3. Allen AL. 1998. Slavery and surrogacy. Subjugation and Bondage TL Lott 229–54 Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield [Google Scholar]
  4. Allison A. 1994. Nightwork: Sexuality, Pleasure, and Corporate Masculinity in a Tokyo Hostess Club Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press [Google Scholar]
  5. Allison A. 2013. Precarious Japan Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  6. Amason JH. 2015. Uncertain lives: neoliberalism and the shaping of home among service workers in Gatlinburg. N. Am. Dialogue 18:11–14 [Google Scholar]
  7. Anderson B. 2004. Migrant domestic workers and slavery. The Political Economy of New Slavery C. Anker 107–17 New York: Palgrave Macmillan [Google Scholar]
  8. Appel H. 2012. Offshore work: oil, modularity, and the how of capitalism in equatorial Guinea. Am. Ethnol. 29:4692–709 [Google Scholar]
  9. Archer LJ. 1988. Slavery and Other Forms of Unfree Labour London: Routledge [Google Scholar]
  10. Arendt H. 2000. Labor, work, action. The Portable Hannah Arendt167–81 London: Penguin [Google Scholar]
  11. Bales K. 2000. Expendable people: slavery in the age of globalization. J. Int. Aff. 53:2461–84 [Google Scholar]
  12. Banaji J. 2003. The fictions of free labour: contract, coercion, and so-called unfree labour. Hist. Mater. 11:369–95 [Google Scholar]
  13. Bear L. 2015. Navigating Austerity: Currents of Debt Along a South Asian River Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  14. Bell L. 2010. Economic insecurity as opportunity: job training and the Canadian diamond industry. Humanizing Security in the Arctic M Daveluy, F Lévesque, J Ferguson 293–304 Edmonton, Can.: Can. Circumpolar Inst. Press [Google Scholar]
  15. Benson P. 2012. Tobacco Capitalism: Growers, Migrant Workers, and the Changing Face of a Global Industry Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  16. Berlan A. 2013. Social sustainability in agriculture: an anthropological perspective on child labour in cocoa production in Ghana. J. Dev. Stud. 49:81088–100 [Google Scholar]
  17. Biao X. 2006. Global “Body Shopping”: An Indian Labor System in the Information Technology Industry Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  18. Biondi M. 2003. The rise of the reparations movement. Radic. Hist. Rev. 87:5–18 [Google Scholar]
  19. Blackburn R. 1988. Slavery—its special features and social role. Slavery and Other Forms of Unfree Labour L Archer 262–79 London: Routledge [Google Scholar]
  20. Blanchette A. 2015. Herding species: biosecurity, posthuman labor, and the American industrial pig. Cult. Anthropol. 30:4640–69 [Google Scholar]
  21. Breman J, Guérin I. 2009. On bondage: old and new. India's Unfree Workforce: Of Bondage Old and New J Breman, I Guérin, A Prakash 1–20 New Delhi: Oxford Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  22. Brennan D. 2004. What's Love Got to Do with It? Transnational Desires and Sex Tourism in the Dominican Republic Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  23. Brennan D. 2014. Life Interrupted: Trafficking into Forced Labor in the United States Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  24. Calvão F. 2013. The transporter, the agitator, and the kamanguista: qualia and the in/visible materiality of diamonds. Anthropol. Theory 12:1–2119–36 [Google Scholar]
  25. Carswell G, De Neve G. 2013. From field to factory: tracing transformations in bonded labour in the Tiruppur region, Tamil Nadu. Econ. Soc. 42:3430–54 [Google Scholar]
  26. Cepek M. 2012. A Future for Amazonia: Randy Borman and Cofán Environmental Politics Austin: Univ. Tex. Press [Google Scholar]
  27. Chatty D. 2014. Anthropology and forced migration. The Oxford Handbook of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies E Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, G Loescher, K Long, N Sigona 74–85 Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  28. Cho MY. 2012. “Dividing the poor”: state governance of differential impoverishment in northeast China. Am. Ethnol. 39:1187–200 [Google Scholar]
  29. Chu JY. 2010. Cosmologies of Credit: Transnational Mobility and the Politics of Destination in China Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  30. Chumley LH, Harkness N. 2013. Introduction: QUALIA. Anthropol. Theory 13:1–23–11 [Google Scholar]
  31. Cole J. 2010. Sex and Salvation: Imagining the Future in Madagascar Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press [Google Scholar]
  32. Coleman G. 2012. Coding Freedom: The Ethics and Aesthetics of Hacking Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  33. Colson E. 2003. Forced migration and the anthropological response. J. Refug. Stud. 16:11–18 [Google Scholar]
  34. Comaroff J, Comaroff J. 2002. Alien-nation: zombies, immigrants, and millennial capitalism. South Atl. Q. 101:4779–805 [Google Scholar]
  35. Cooper M, Waldby C. 2014. Clinical Labor: Tissue Donors and Research Subjects in the Global Bioeconomy Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  36. Das V, Randeria S. 2015. Politics of the urban poor: aesthetics, ethics, volatility, precarity. An introduction to Supplement 11. Curr. Anthropol. 56:S11S3–14 [Google Scholar]
  37. Day S. 2010. Ethics between public and private: sex workers' relationships in London. Ordinary Ethics: Anthropology, Language, and Action M Lambek 292–309 New York: Fordham Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  38. De Boeck F. 2000. Borderland breccia: the mutant hero in the historical imagination of a Central-African diamond frontier. J. Colon. Colon. Hist. 1:21–43 [Google Scholar]
  39. De Genova N. 2005. Working the Boundaries: Race, Space, and “Illegality” in Mexican Chicago Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  40. De Neve G. 2005. The Everyday Politics of Labour: Working Lives in India's Informal Economy New Delhi: Soc. Sci. [Google Scholar]
  41. Denning M. 2010. Wageless life. New Left Rev 66:79–97 [Google Scholar]
  42. Dewey S. 2011. Neon Wasteland: On Love, Motherhood, and Sex Work in a Rust Belt Town Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press [Google Scholar]
  43. Doezema J. 2010. Sex Slaves and Discourse Masters: The Construction of Trafficking London: Zed Books [Google Scholar]
  44. Dohan D. 2003. The Price of Poverty: Money, Work, and Culture in the Mexican American Barrio Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press [Google Scholar]
  45. Donham DL. 2011. Violence in a Time of Liberation: Murder and Ethnicity at a South African Gold Mine, 1994 Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  46. Dudley KM. 1994. The End of the Line: Lost Jobs, New Lives in Postindustrial America Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press [Google Scholar]
  47. Dunn EC. 2004. Privatizing Poland: Baby Food, Big Business, and the Remaking of Labor Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  48. Fassin D. 2007. When Bodies Remember: Experiences and Politics of AIDS in South Africa Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press [Google Scholar]
  49. Ferguson J. 1999. Expectations of Modernity: Myths and Meanings of Urban Life on the Zambian Copperbelt Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press [Google Scholar]
  50. Ferguson J. 2006. Global Shadows: Africa in the Neoliberal World Order Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  51. Ferguson J. 2015. Give a Man a Fish: Reflections on the New Politics of Distribution Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  52. Fiddian-Qasmiyeh E, Loescher G, Long K, Sigona N. 2014. The Oxford Handbook of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  53. Fikes K. 2009. Managing African Portugal: The Citizen-Migrant Distinction Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  54. Finley MI. 1980. Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology London: Chatto & Windus [Google Scholar]
  55. Foucault M. 1997. Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth New York: Penguin [Google Scholar]
  56. Frantz E. 2013. Jordan's unfree workforce: state-sponsored bonded labour in the Arab region. J. Dev. Stud. 49:81072–87 [Google Scholar]
  57. Freeman C. 2000. High Tech and High Heels in the Global Economy: Women, Work, and Pink-Collar Identities in the Caribbean Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  58. Fudge J, Strauss K. 2013. Temporary Work, Agencies, and Unfree Labour: Insecurity in the New World of Work New York: Routledge [Google Scholar]
  59. Golub A. 2014. Leviathans at the Gold Mine: Creating Indigenous and Corporate Actors in Papua New Guinea Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  60. Gomberg-Muñoz R. 2010. Labor and Legality: An Ethnography of a Mexican Immigrant Network Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  61. Goody J. 1980. Slavery in time and space. African and Asian Systems of Slavery JL Watson 16–42 Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press [Google Scholar]
  62. Graeber D. 2006. Turning modes of production inside out: or, why capitalism is a transformation of slavery. Crit. Anthropol. 26:161–85 [Google Scholar]
  63. Graeber D. 2007. Lost People: Magic and the Legacy of Slavery in Madagascar Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  64. Gregory S. 2007. The Devil Behind the Mirror: Globalization and Politics in the Dominican Republic Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press [Google Scholar]
  65. Gusterson H, Besteman C. 2010. The Insecure American: How We Got Here and What We Should Do About It Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press [Google Scholar]
  66. Han C. 2012. Life in Debt: Times of Care and Violence in Neoliberal Chile Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press [Google Scholar]
  67. Hankins J. 2014. Working Skin: Making Leather, Making a Multicultural Japan Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press [Google Scholar]
  68. Hardt M, Negri A. 2000. Empire Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  69. Hardt M, Negri A. 2004. Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire New York: Penguin [Google Scholar]
  70. Harkness N. 2015. The pragmatics of qualia in practice. Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 44:573–89 [Google Scholar]
  71. Hartman S. 2002. The time of slavery. South Atl. Q. 101:757–77 [Google Scholar]
  72. Harvey D. 1989. The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell [Google Scholar]
  73. Hebdige D. 1979. Subculture: The Meaning of Style London: Routledge [Google Scholar]
  74. Hébert K. 2015. Enduring capitalism: instability, precariousness, and cycles of change in an Alaskan salmon fishery. Am. Anthropol. 117:132–46 [Google Scholar]
  75. Hetherington K. 2012. Agency, scale, and the ethnography of transparency. Polit. Legal Anthropol. Rev. 35:2242–47 [Google Scholar]
  76. Higgins R. 2005. Bodies for rent: labor and marginality in southern Louisiana. Anthropol. Work Rev. 26:312–22 [Google Scholar]
  77. Ho K. 2009. Liquidated: An Ethnography of Wall Street Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  78. Hoang KK, Parreñas RS. 2014. Human Traffficking Reconsidered: Rethinking the Problem, Envisoning New Solutions London: Int. Debate Educ. Assoc. [Google Scholar]
  79. Holmes D. 1989. Cultural Disenchantments: Worker Peasantries in Northeast Italy Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  80. Holmes S. 2013. Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies: Migrant Farmworkers in the United States Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press [Google Scholar]
  81. Holsey B. 2008. Routes of Remembrance: Refashioning the Slave Trade in Ghana. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press [Google Scholar]
  82. Keane W. 2015. Ethical Life: Its Natural and Social Histories Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  83. Kelsky K. 2001. Women on the Verge: Japanese Women, Western Dreams Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  84. Kipnis A. 2008. Audit cultures: neoliberal governmentality, socialist legacy, or technologies of governing?. Am. Ethnol. 35:2275–89 [Google Scholar]
  85. Kirsch S. 2014. Mining Capitalism: The Relationship Between Corporations and Their Critics Oakland: Univ. Calif. Press [Google Scholar]
  86. Kivland C. 2014. Becoming a force in the zone: hedonopolitics, masculinity, and the quest for respect in Haiti's streets. Cult. Anthropol. 29:4672–98 [Google Scholar]
  87. Kondo D. 1990. Crafting Selves: Power, Gender, and Discourses of Identity in a Japanese Workplace Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press [Google Scholar]
  88. Kopytoff I. 1982. Slavery. Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 11:207–30 [Google Scholar]
  89. Kopytoff M, Miers S. 1977. Introduction: African “slavery” as an institution of marginality. Slavery in Africa: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives S Miers, M Kopytoff 3–81 Madison: Univ. Wis. Press [Google Scholar]
  90. Kwon JH. 2015. The work of waiting: love and money in Korean Chinese transnational migration. Cult. Anthropol. 30:3477–500 [Google Scholar]
  91. Laidlaw J. 2002. For an anthropology of ethics and freedom. J. R. Anthropol. Inst. 8:2311–32 [Google Scholar]
  92. Laidlaw J. 2013. The Subject of Virtue: An Anthropology of Ethics and Freedom Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  93. Lane CM. 2011. A Company of One: Insecurity, Independence, and the New World of White-Collar Unemployment Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  94. León J. 2015. The Land of Open Graves: Living and Dying on the Migrant Trail Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press [Google Scholar]
  95. Li F. 2015. Unearthing Conflict: Corporate Mining, Activism, and Expertise in Peru Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  96. Lovejoy PE, Rogers N. 1994. Unfree Labour in the Development of the Atlantic World New York: Routledge [Google Scholar]
  97. Mahdavi P. 2011. Gridlock: Labor, Migration, and Human Trafficking in Dubai Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  98. Marx K. 1973. Grundrisse: Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy New York: Penguin [Google Scholar]
  99. Marx K. 1978. German ideology. The Marx-Engels Reader RC Tucker 146–200 New York: Norton [Google Scholar]
  100. Mbembe A. 2006. On politics as a form of expenditure. Law and Disorder in the Postcolony J Comaroff, JL Comaroff 299–335 Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press [Google Scholar]
  101. Mintz SW. 1986. Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History New York: Penguin [Google Scholar]
  102. Molé NJ. 2012. Labor Disorders in Neoliberal Italy: Mobbing, Well-Being, and the Workplace Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  103. Moodie TD. 1994. Going for Gold: Men, Mines, and Migration Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press [Google Scholar]
  104. Muehlebach A. 2011. On affective labor in post-Fordist Italy. Cult. Anthropol. 26:159–82 [Google Scholar]
  105. Muehlebach A. 2012. Moral Neoliberal: Welfare and Citizenship in Italy. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press [Google Scholar]
  106. Munn N. 1986. The Fame of Gawa: A Symbolic Study of Value Transformation in a Massim Society (Papua New Guinea) Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  107. O'Connell DJ. 2013. Troubling freedom: migration, debt, and modern slavery. Migr. Stud. 1:2176–95 [Google Scholar]
  108. O'Neill B. 2014. Caste aside: boredom, downward mobility, and homelessness in post-communist Bucharest. Cult. Anthropol. 29:18–31 [Google Scholar]
  109. Ong A. 2003. Buddha Is Hiding: Refugees, Citizenship, the New America Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press [Google Scholar]
  110. Ong A. 2010. Spirits of Resistance and Capitalist Discipline: Factory Women in Malaysia Albany: SUNY Press [Google Scholar]
  111. Paerregaard K. 2012. Commodifying intimacy: women, work, and care in Peruvian migration. J. Lat. Am. Caribb. Anthropol. 17:3493–511 [Google Scholar]
  112. Palmer C. 1998. Introduction. The Worlds of Unfree Labour: from indentured servitude to slavery C Palmer xiii–xxxiii Brookfield, VT: Ashgate [Google Scholar]
  113. Palmié S. 1995. Introduction: Slave Cultures and the Cultures of Slavery Knoxville: Univ. Tenn. Press [Google Scholar]
  114. Palomera J. 2014. Reciprocity, commodification, and poverty in the era of financialization. Curr. Anthropol. 55:S9105–15 [Google Scholar]
  115. Parreñas R. 2011. Illicit Flirtations: Labor, Migration, and Sex Trafficking in Tokyo Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  116. Parry J. 2012. Industrial work. A Handbook of Economic Anthropology J Carrier 141–59 Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publ. [Google Scholar]
  117. Patel R. 2010. Working the Night Shift: Women in India's Call Center Industry Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  118. Patterson O. 1982. Slavery and Social Death Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  119. Peters A. 2015. Responding to Human Trafficking: Sex, Gender, and Culture in the Law Philadelphia: Univ. Pa. Press [Google Scholar]
  120. Phillips N. 2013. Unfree labour and adverse incorporation in the global economy: comparative perspectives on Brazil and India. Econ. Soc. 42:2171–96 [Google Scholar]
  121. Plambech S. 2010. From Thailand with love: transnational marriage migration in the global care economy. Sex Trafficking, Human Rights, and Social Justice T Zheng 47–61 New York: Routledge [Google Scholar]
  122. Povinelli EA. 2011. Economies of Abandonment: Social Belonging and Endurance in Late Liberalism Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  123. Pun N. 2005. Made in China: Women Factory Workers in a Global Workplace Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  124. Pun N, Chan J. 2012. Global capital, the state, and Chinese workers: the Foxconn experience. Mod. China 38:4383–410 [Google Scholar]
  125. Purser G. 2012. The labour of liminality. Labour Cap. Soc. 45:110–35 [Google Scholar]
  126. Quirk J. 2011. The Anti-Slavery Project: From Slave Trade to Human Trafficking Philadelphia: Univ. Pa. Press [Google Scholar]
  127. Ralph M. 2015. Forensics of Capital Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press [Google Scholar]
  128. Rofel L. 1992. Rethinking modernity: space and factory discipline in China. Cult. Anthropol. 7:193–114 [Google Scholar]
  129. Rolston J. 2013. The politics of pits and the materiality of mine labor: making natural resources in the American West. Am. Ethnol. 115:4582–94 [Google Scholar]
  130. Rolston J. 2014. Mining Coal and Undermining Gender. Rhythms of Work and Family in the American West New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  131. Salzinger L. 2003. Genders in Production: Making Workers in Mexico's Global Factories Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press [Google Scholar]
  132. Sanchez TF. 2013. Californian strawberries: Mexican immigrant women sharecroppers, labor, and discipline. Anthropol. Work Rev. 34:115–26 [Google Scholar]
  133. Sandy L. 2014. Women and Sex Work in Cambodia: Blood, Sweat and Tears New York: Routledge [Google Scholar]
  134. Sanghera J. 2005. Unpacking the trafficking discourse. Trafficking and Prostitution Reconsidered: New Perspectives on Migration, Sex Work, and Human Rights K Kempadoo, J Sanghera, B Pattanaik 3–24 Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publ. [Google Scholar]
  135. Sassen S. 2000. Women's burden: counter geographies of globalization and the feminization of survival. J. Int. Aff. 53:503–25 [Google Scholar]
  136. Sawyer S. 2004. Crude Chronicles: Indigenous Politics, Multinational Oil, and Neoliberalism in Ecuador Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  137. Sharp LA. 2000. The commodification of the body and its parts. Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 29:287–328 [Google Scholar]
  138. Shaw R. 2002. Memories of the Slave Trade: Ritual and the Historical Imagination in Sierra Leone Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press [Google Scholar]
  139. Smith JH. 2011. Tantalus in the digital age: coltan ore, temporal dispossession, and “movement” in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Am. Ethnol. 38:117–35 [Google Scholar]
  140. Stewart K. 2012. Precarity's forms. Cult. Anthropol. 27:3518–25 [Google Scholar]
  141. Strauss K. 2012. Coerced, forced and unfree labour: geographies of exploitation in contemporary labour markets. Geogr. Compass 6:3137–48 [Google Scholar]
  142. Striffler S 2005. Chicken: The Dangerous Transformations of America's Favorite Food New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  143. Thomas D. 2008. Wal-Mart, “Katrina,” and other ideological tricks: Jamaican hotel workers in Michigan. Fem. Rev. 90:68–86 [Google Scholar]
  144. Trouillot M-R. 2000. Abortive rituals: historical apologies in the global era. Interventions 2:171–86 [Google Scholar]
  145. Truong T-D. 1990. Sex, Money and Morality: Prostitution and Tourism in Southeast Asia London: Zed Books [Google Scholar]
  146. Tsing A. 2009. Supply chains and the human condition. Rethink. Marx. 21:2148–76 [Google Scholar]
  147. Valentine B. 1978. Hustling and Other Hard Work New York: Free Press [Google Scholar]
  148. Walley C. 2013. Exit Zero: Family and Class in Postindustrial Chicago Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press [Google Scholar]
  149. Watanabe C. 2014. Muddy labor: a Japanese aid ethic of collective intimacy in Myanmar. Cult. Anthropol. 29:4648–71 [Google Scholar]
  150. Weeks K. 2011. The Problem with Work: Feminism, Marxism, Antiwork Politics, and Postwork Imaginaries Durham, NC: Duke University Press [Google Scholar]
  151. Weitzer R. 2015. Human trafficking and contemporary slavery. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 41:223–42 [Google Scholar]
  152. Welker M. 2014. Enacting the corporation: an American mining firm in post-authoritarian Indonesia. Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press [Google Scholar]
  153. Willis P. 1977. Learning to Labor: How Working Class Kids Get Working Class Jobs New York: Columbia Univ. Press [Google Scholar]
  154. Wong W. 2013. Van Gogh on Demand: China and the Readymade Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press [Google Scholar]
  155. Wright R. 2013. When more is less: contradictions of nonprofit work. Anthropol. Work Rev. 34:280–90 [Google Scholar]
  156. Zheng T. 2009. Red Lights: The Lives of Sex Workers in Postsocialist China Minneapolis: Univ. Minn. Press [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102215-100307
Loading
  • Article Type: Review Article

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error