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Annual Review of Physiology

Volume 84, 2022

Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

Abstract

Sepsis is expected to have a substantial impact on public health and cost as its prevalence increases. Factors contributing to increased prevalence include a progressively aging population, advances in the use of immunomodulatory agents to treat a rising number of diseases, and immune-suppressing therapies in organ transplant recipients and cancer patients. It is now recognized that sepsis is associated with profound and sustained immunosuppression, which has been implicated as a predisposing factor in the increased susceptibility of patients to secondary infections and mortality. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of sepsis-induced immunosuppression and biomarkers that identify a state of impaired immunity. We also highlight immune-enhancing strategies that have been evaluated in patients with sepsis, as well as therapeutics under current investigation. Finally, we describe future challenges and the need for a new treatment paradigm, integrating predictive enrichment with patient factors that may guide the future selection of tailored immunotherapy.

Keyword(s): anti-inflammatory, immune compromise, immune-suppression, opportunistic infection, sepsis
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-040214
2022-02-10
2024-04-29
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-040214
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Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression
Annual Review of Physiology 84, 157 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-040214
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-040214
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-040214
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