1932

Abstract

The teleost fish embryo is particularly sensitive to petroleum hydrocarbons (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) at two distinct stages of development. The first is early during cleavage stages when PAHs alter normal signaling associated with establishment of the dorsal-ventral axis. This disruption involves the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and results in hyperdorsalized embryos that do not survive to hatching. The second, more sensitive period is during heart development, when oil and PAHs cause abnormal development of the heart as well as cardiac edema and arrhythmia. Even at extremely low levels (ng/L), PAHs cause subtle edema and altered contractility and heart rate, which impair swimming performance. Some PAHs are extremely phototoxic, such that exposures to trace concentrations result in severe membrane damage and mortality in sunlight. The developing fish embryo is a sensitive indicator of petroleum constituents in the environment, and healthy populations of fish likely require limited PAH exposure during development.

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2017-02-08
2024-10-03
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    Video of Pacific herring () embryos exposed (from fertilization to 7 days postfertilization) to water passing over either () nonoiled gravel or () gravel coated with Alaska North Slope crude oil (1.5 g of oil per kg of gravel). The hearts are clearly different with respect to size and normal looping of the ventricle. Pericardial edema () is obvious in the oil-exposed embryo. Tissue polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for the oil-exposed embryos were 3,000 ng/g wet weight (22). Video provided by J. Incardona.

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