Male and Female Alternative Reproductive Behaviors in Fishes: A New Approach Using Intersexual Dynamics

The study of alternative reproductive behaviors in fishes has contributed to our general understanding of reproductive strategies and mating systems. Despite extensive research on the mechanisms and patterns of alternatives, two important factors have not been addressed, and both may strongly influence the evolution of alternative reproductive behaviors. First, alternative female reproductive behaviors exist and should be considered in theoretical and empirical work. Second, interactions between the sexes will influence the evolution of alternative reproductive behaviors. In this review, we explore these two points and suggest the development of a more comprehensive theory of alternatives that will increase our ability to make predictions regarding the existence and expression of alternative reproductive behaviors in both sexes.