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Annual Review of Cancer Biology

Volume 8, 2024

Biological, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Insights from (Epi)Genomic Profiling of Pediatric Brain Tumors

Abstract

Pediatric brain tumors comprise a diverse set of diseases. (Epi)genomic analyses have provided insights into the biology of these tumors, stratifying them into distinct subtypes with different oncogenic driver mechanisms and developmental origins. A feature shared by these tumors is their initiation within neural stem or progenitor cells that undergo stalled differentiation in unique, niche-dependent ways. In this review, we provide an overview of how (epi)genomic characterization has revealed pediatric brain tumor origins and underlying biology. We focus on the best characterized tumor types—gliomas, ependymomas, medulloblastomas—as well as select rarer types such as embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors, and choroid plexus carcinomas in which new insights have been made. The discovery of diverse developmental origins of these tumors and their defining molecular characteristics has led to a better understanding of their etiologies, with important implications for diagnostics, future therapy development, and clinical trial design.

Keyword(s): ATRT, choroid plexus carcinoma, ependymoma, ETMR, heterogeneity, high-grade glioma, low-grade glioma, medulloblastoma, molecular profiling, pediatric brain tumors, subtype diversity
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-062722-034650
2024-06-12
2025-04-20
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Biological, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Insights from (Epi)Genomic Profiling of Pediatric Brain Tumors
Annual Review of Cancer Biology 8, 199 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-062722-034650
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-062722-034650
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-062722-034650
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