
Full text loading...
High-resolution retinal imaging is revolutionizing how scientists and clinicians study the retina on the cellular scale. Its exquisite sensitivity enables time-lapse optical biopsies that capture minute changes in the structure and physiological processes of cells in the living eye. This information is increasingly used to detect disease onset and monitor disease progression during early stages, raising the possibility of personalized eye care. Powerful high-resolution imaging tools have been in development for more than two decades; one that has garnered considerable interest in recent years is optical coherence tomography enhanced with adaptive optics. State-of-the-art adaptive optics optical coherence tomography (AO-OCT) makes it possible to visualize even highly transparent cells and measure some of their internal processes at all depths within the retina, permitting reconstruction of a 3D view of the living microscopic retina. In this review, we report current AO-OCT performance and its success in visualizing and quantifying these once-invisible cells in human eyes.
Article metrics loading...
Full text loading...
Literature Cited
Data & Media loading...
Download Supplemental Figures 1-5 (PDF).
Supplemental Video 1: Flythrough video of AO-OCT volume image of the outer retina of a 52-year-old normal subject (see Figure 4). The image is an average of approximately 2,200 registered volumes that were acquired at 3.7° temporal to the fovea. En face frames are spaced 2 µm in depth. Video adapted from F. Zhang et al. (2019b).
Supplemental Video 2: Flythrough video of AO-OCT volume image with preserved image sharpness over full retinal thickness (see Figure 5). The image is a composite of approximately 1,300 registered volumes of different focus that were acquired at 3.75° temporal to the fovea of a 26-year-old normal subject. En face frames are spaced 1 µm in depth. Video modified from K. Kurokawa, N. Do, J.A. Crowell, J.J. Lee & D.T. Miller, manuscript submitted.
Supplemental Video 3: Flythrough video of AO-OCT volume image reveals inner retinal details of a 26-year-old normal subject (see Supplemental Figure 5). The image is an average of approximately 230 registered volumes that were acquired at 13° temporal to the fovea. En face frames are spaced 1 µm in depth.